{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T14:02:27Z","timestamp":1781272947854,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,22]],"date-time":"2013-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1377129600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Actinic prurigo (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AP<\/jats:styled-content>) is an idiopathic photodermatosis that usually onsets during childhood and predominates in women. It is characterized by the symmetrical involvement of sun\u2010exposed areas of the skin, lips, and conjunctiva.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to analyze the risk factors associated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AP<\/jats:styled-content> using a case\u2013control design.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>All patients diagnosed with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AP<\/jats:styled-content> during 1990\u20132006 at Dr. Manuel Gea Gonz\u00e1lez General Hospital in Mexico City were included. Respective controls were recruited. Race, demographic, geographic, socioeconomic, environmental, clinical, and nutritional risk factors were assessed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 132 persons were enrolled. These included 44 cases and two control groups comprising, respectively, dermatology and non\u2010dermatology outpatients without <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AP<\/jats:styled-content> or any autoimmune disease. Distribution by gender, age, place of birth, place of residence, and economic status did not differ significantly among the three groups. A total of 256 variables were analyzed. Only 19 variables were found to be statistically significant (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). These were: use of a boiler; use of firewood; car ownership; use of earthenware; mixed material housing; socioeconomic level 1; sun exposure; use of soap; lemon consumption; use of moisturizing hair cream; living with pets in the house; living with farm animals; age; having a family member with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AP<\/jats:styled-content>; having had surgery; having had trauma; having been hospitalized; use of oral medication; and use of herbal medication. Of 40 macro\u2010 and micronutrients analyzed, 11 were found to have statistically significant effects (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a00.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Multiple epidemiologic, geographic, clinical, and immunologic factors are involved in the etiology of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AP<\/jats:styled-content>. This study proposes a clear line for research directed at specific risk factors that refer to an individual's clinical, allergic, health, and socioeconomic status. Further study should also investigate the etiologic role of diet in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AP<\/jats:styled-content> and the molecular mechanisms behind the development of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AP<\/jats:styled-content> to establish whether <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AP<\/jats:styled-content> is caused by exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.12168","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,23]],"date-time":"2013-08-23T03:35:13Z","timestamp":1377228913000},"page":"1080-1085","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Actinic prurigo: a case\u2013control study of risk factors"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Diana Sugey","family":"Vera Izaguirre","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Dr Manuel Gea Gonz\u00e1lez General Hospital Mexico City Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soraya","family":"Zuloaga Salcedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology M\u00e9dica Tec 100 Hospital Quer\u00e9taro Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pablo C\u00e9sar","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Dermatology Practice City La piedad Michoac\u00e1n M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karla","family":"S\u00e1nchez Lara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"M\u00e9dica Sur Hospital Mexico City Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norberto","family":"Ch\u00e1vez Tapia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"M\u00e9dica Sur Hospital Mexico City Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Teresa","family":"Hojyo Tomoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Dr Manuel Gea Gonz\u00e1lez General Hospital Mexico City Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luciano","family":"Dom\u00ednguez Soto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Dr Manuel Gea Gonz\u00e1lez General Hospital Mexico City Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Carlos","family":"Cuevas Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Dr Manuel Gea Gonz\u00e1lez General Hospital Mexico City Mexico"},{"name":"Student of the master and doctorate program in medical, dental and health sciences (PMDCMOS) National Autonomous University of Mexico Mexico City Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erika","family":"Rodr\u00edguez Lobato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Dr Manuel Gea 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