{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,4]],"date-time":"2024-07-04T07:51:15Z","timestamp":1720079475149},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,30]],"date-time":"2013-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388361600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>A proliferation\u2010inducing ligand (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">APRIL<\/jats:styled-content>) is a tumor necrosis factor (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content>) superfamily member ligand that stimulates <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0cells <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>. It also plays an important role in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0cell activation and survival.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study was conducted to evaluate serum levels of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">APRIL<\/jats:styled-content> in patients with atopic dermatitis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AD<\/jats:styled-content>) and vitiligo and their correlation with disease activity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 100 subjects were included; these comprised 40 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AD<\/jats:styled-content> patients, 40 vitiligo patients, and 20 control subjects. Serum <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">APRIL<\/jats:styled-content> levels were measured and their relationships with the severity of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AD<\/jats:styled-content> and activity of vitiligo evaluated according to scores on the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCORAD<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCOR<\/jats:styled-content>ing of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>topic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content>ermatitis) and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VIDA<\/jats:styled-content> (Vitiligo Disease Activity) indices, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The serum level of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">APRIL<\/jats:styled-content> was significantly higher in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AD<\/jats:styled-content> patients than in the control group. Serum <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">APRIL<\/jats:styled-content> in patients with severe <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AD<\/jats:styled-content> showed a statistically significant difference with serum <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">APRIL<\/jats:styled-content> in patients with either mild or moderate <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AD<\/jats:styled-content>. Serum <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">APRIL<\/jats:styled-content> was significantly higher in vitiligo patients than in the control group. Differences in serum <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">APRIL<\/jats:styled-content> among patients with different <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VIDA<\/jats:styled-content> scores were significant only between patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VIDA<\/jats:styled-content> scores of +1 and +4. Statistically significant positive correlations emerged between serum <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">APRIL<\/jats:styled-content> and activity of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AD<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.939) and vitiligo (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.740).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">APRIL<\/jats:styled-content> may play a role in the pathogeneses of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AD<\/jats:styled-content> and vitiligo and could be used as an objective marker for the assessment of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AD<\/jats:styled-content> severity and vitiligo activity. Further studies are required to clarify the precise mechanism of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">APRIL<\/jats:styled-content> in the pathogeneses of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AD<\/jats:styled-content> and vitiligo and to test the possible use of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">APRIL<\/jats:styled-content> inhibitors as novel modalities of therapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.12176","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,30]],"date-time":"2013-12-30T09:56:40Z","timestamp":1388397400000},"page":"1073-1079","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A proliferation\u2010inducing ligand in atopic dermatitis and vitiligo"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Zeinab A.","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Venereology Tanta University Hospitals Tanta 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