{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T13:56:29Z","timestamp":1758981389832},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,11]],"date-time":"2014-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1405036800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>Tuberculides are skin lesions caused by the hematogeneous dissemination of M<\/jats:styled-content>ycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>. Bacilli are rapidly destroyed in the skin and are thus neither visible histologically nor identifiable by culture. Diagnosis depends on previous knowledge of systemic and\/or cutaneous tuberculosis. Lichen scrofulosorum (LS<\/jats:styled-content>), the most uncommon variant of tuberculid, is usually associated with M<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> infection of lymph nodes or bone but was also reported in association with other mycobacterioses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Objectives<\/jats:title>We report a case of LS<\/jats:styled-content> in a patient with M<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0leprae<\/jats:italic> infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>In 2008, a 51\u2010year\u2010old woman from the Philippines was diagnosed with tuberculoid leprosy and treated. In 2010 the leprosy was considered to have been cured, and treatment was stopped. In 2011 the patient presented with lesions on the trunk and legs. Biopsy specimens were obtained for histopathologic examination and DNA<\/jats:styled-content> detection for polymerase chain reaction (PCR).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Histopathology in the biopsy from the trunk revealed the dermis to be diffusely occupied by granulomas with perineural and periadnexal disposition. Granulomas were composed of epithelioid cells and lymphocytes. Fite\u2013Faraco staining revealed a few solid acid\u2010fast bacilli within nerve fascicles. Reinfection or the re\u2010reactivation of multibacillary borderline tuberculoid leprosy was diagnosed. Histopathology in the biopsy taken from the leg showed superficial, well\u2010formed granulomas in the vicinity of hair follicles and sweat ducts. No acid\u2010fast bacilli were seen. Analysis by PCR<\/jats:styled-content> revealed M<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0leprae <\/jats:italic>DNA<\/jats:styled-content> in specimens from both the leg and trunk. The clinical features of the papular eruption and the histopathologic findings and concomitant mycobacterial infection with M<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0leprae<\/jats:italic> led to a diagnosis of LS<\/jats:styled-content>. Treatment was commenced with dapsone 100\u00a0mg\/day, clofazimine 50\u00a0mg\/day and 300\u00a0mg\/month, and rifampicin 600\u00a0mg\/day. The lichenoid eruption on the legs disappeared at one month of therapy, whereas the other skin lesions resolved in one year leaving residual hypochromic macules.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>Infection with M<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0leprae<\/jats:italic> may cause LS<\/jats:styled-content>. The use of PCR<\/jats:styled-content> in skin biopsies from granulomatous dermatitis of unknown origin can help to identify the responsible agents.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.12504","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,11]],"date-time":"2014-07-11T08:18:35Z","timestamp":1405066715000},"page":"1244-1248","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Lichen scrofulosorum caused by M<\/scp>ycobacterium leprae<\/i>: first report"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Paolo","family":"Fiallo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Social Dermatology and National Reference Center for Hansen's Disease National Institute for Cancer Research Genoa Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Cabiddu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Anatomic Pathology National Institute for Cancer 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