{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T15:15:30Z","timestamp":1787498130118,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,6]],"date-time":"2015-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1425600000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Tumor necrosis factor\u2010alpha (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u2010\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) antagonist treatment is associated with 1.6 to 27 times higher risk of tuberculosis (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TB<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To find\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TB<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      incidence of psoriasis patients treated with\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u2010\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                      antagonists and define risk factors related with this condition in a country with moderately high risk of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TB<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Three hundred seventy psoriasis patients treated by anti\u2010\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      agents in four referral centers were included. The data on the characteristics of the patients,\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TB<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      history, tuberculosis skin test results, anti\u2010\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      agent type and exposure time, localization of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TB<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , and isoniazide prophylaxis state were analyzed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Four patients (1.08%) developed\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TB<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , three pulmonary and one gastrointestinal, 2\u201323\u00a0months after initiating anti\u2010\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      agents. Other than the patient with gastrointestinal\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TB<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , who was using methotrexate and corticosteroid concomitantly, none had contributing risk factors for\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TB<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      . Two patients developed pulmonary\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TB<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      in spite of chemoprophylaxis. Three patients with pulmonary\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TB<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      completely recovered following anti\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TB<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      treatment whereas patients with gastroinrestinal\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TB<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      developed renal failure.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Limitations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The major limitation of the study is the lack of a diseased control group, which enables us to compare the risk of psoriatics with that of patients having other inflammatory diseases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Tuberculosis is a rare but a severe complication of anti\u2010\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      treatment and may develop in spite of chemoprophylaxis. The risk of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TB<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      in psoriasis patients in the present study is comparable to literature mostly based on rheumatology patients.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.12628","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,6]],"date-time":"2015-03-06T15:09:14Z","timestamp":1425654554000},"page":"594-599","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["The risk of tuberculosis in patients with psoriasis treated with anti\u2010tumor necrosis factor agents"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Tulin","family":"Ergun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Marmara University School of Medicine Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dilek","family":"Seckin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Marmara University School of Medicine Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emel","family":"Baskan Bulbul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Uludag University School of Medicine Bursa Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nahide","family":"Onsun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Bezm\u2010i Alem University Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zuleyha","family":"Ozgen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Marmara University School of Medicine Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pemra","family":"Unalan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine Marmara University School of Medicine Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erkan","family":"Alpsoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Akdeniz University School of Medicine Antalya Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sait","family":"Karakurt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pneumonology Marmara University School of Medicine Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","unstructured":"World Health Organisation (WHO).The top 10 causes of death. 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