{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T05:23:43Z","timestamp":1759814623760},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,27]],"date-time":"2015-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1432684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pretibial myxedema (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PTM<\/jats:styled-content>) is a rare manifestation of Graves' disease. There is paucity of data regarding long\u2010term follow\u2010up and response to treatment in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PTM<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective study wherein 30 patients of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PTM<\/jats:styled-content> presenting during 2001\u20132011 attending dermatology and endocrinology outpatient departments were analyzed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among 30 patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PTM<\/jats:styled-content>, 12 were males and 18 females with a ratio of 1\u00a0:\u00a01.5 males\/females. Four morphological forms were identified: plaques (18 patients), diffuse non\u2010pitting edema of both lower legs (five), nodules (five), and elephantiasis lesions (two). Eighty percent were diagnosed with hyperthyroidism before the development of dermopathy. Twenty\u2010six patients presented with ophthalmopathy. Fourteen patients with plaque had an excellent response to topical clobetasol propionate ointment and attained complete resolution by 3.6\u00a0years. Out of 16 patients treated with combination therapy, which included nine treated with topical corticosteroids\/intralesional triamcinolone and seven treated with oral, intralesional, and topical corticosteroids, nine attained complete resolution in the lesions by 3.4\u00a0years, and none relapsed anytime during four\u00a0years of post\u2010treatment follow\u2010up. However, the remaining patients (elephantiasis and diffuse forms) failed to achieve complete resolution.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Plaques and nodules are common variants with a favorable clinical response to topical and intralesional corticosteroid; elephantine and diffuse forms responded poorly to therapy. Studies analyzing larger cohorts of patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PTM<\/jats:styled-content> and their long\u2010term follow\u2010up are limited, hence more such studies are required.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.12658","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,28]],"date-time":"2015-05-28T12:14:25Z","timestamp":1432815265000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Long\u2010term follow\u2010up and epidemiological trends in patients with pretibial myxedema: an 11\u2010year study from a tertiary care center in northern India"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Muthu","family":"Sendhil Kumaran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh 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