{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T10:37:48Z","timestamp":1756463868147},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,17]],"date-time":"2014-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1418774400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>African histoplasmosis, caused by <jats:italic>Histoplasma capsulatum<\/jats:italic> var. <jats:italic>duboisii<\/jats:italic>, is an invasive fungal infection endemic in Central and West Africa. Cases seen outside Africa are generally imported. We report a disseminated purely cutaneous form of this infection in an otherwise healthy person from Kerala, in southern India.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A 59\u2010year\u2010old farmer presented with asymptomatic, generalized, reddish skin lesions of five\u00a0months in duration. Dermatologic examination revealed multiple erythematous papules and plaques of varying sizes, predominantly over the trunk and upper limbs. The patient was otherwise in good health. Systemic examination including the pulmonary and musculoskeletal systems revealed no abnormalities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Skin biopsy was performed from a lesion on the thigh. Histopathologic examination revealed epithelioid and suppurative granulomas in the upper dermis, with lymphocytes, neutrophils, and plenty of giant cells. Fite\u2013Faraco staining for <jats:italic>Mycobacterium leprae<\/jats:italic> was negative. Fungus cultured from the specimen was identified as <jats:italic>H.\u00a0capsulatum<\/jats:italic> var. <jats:italic>duboisii<\/jats:italic>, the rarer variant of <jats:italic>H.\u00a0capsulatum<\/jats:italic>. The patient was treated with ketoconazole 200\u00a0mg\/day for four\u00a0months and attained complete clearance. No relapse has been detected over two\u00a0years of follow\u2010up.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>To the best of our knowledge, this case represents the first instance of African histoplasmosis to be reported from India. The occurrence of such a rare infection in an immunocompetent individual, who had not travelled elsewhere, raises the possibility of the indigenous existence of <jats:italic>H.\u00a0capsulatum<\/jats:italic> var. <jats:italic>duboisii<\/jats:italic> in Kerala. Further studies of the ecology and epidemiology of this rare infection are essential.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.12683","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,17]],"date-time":"2014-12-17T05:57:14Z","timestamp":1418795834000},"page":"451-455","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["African histoplasmosis: the first report of an indigenous case in India"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Sheeba","family":"Ravindran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology Government Medical College Kottayam Kottayam Kerala India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kunjumani","family":"Sobhanakumari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology Government Medical College Kottayam Kottayam Kerala India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Machiyanickel","family":"Celine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology Government Medical College Kottayam Kottayam Kerala India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seena","family":"Palakkal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology Government Medical College Kottayam Kottayam Kerala India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_4_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1311.070665"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_3_1","first-page":"1836","volume-title":"Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine","author":"Hay RJ","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_4_1","first-page":"2:36.80","volume-title":"Rook's Textbook of Dermatology","author":"Hay RJ","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_5_1","first-page":"278","article-title":"African histoplasmosis in Mali","volume":"138","author":"Piccard E","year":"1987","journal-title":"Ann Med Interne (Paris)"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.61.1.70"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1970.tb02203.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_8_1","first-page":"155","article-title":"African histoplasmosis: a review","volume":"14","author":"Gugnani HC","year":"1997","journal-title":"Rev Iberoam Micol"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/43.3.321"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_10_1","first-page":"569","article-title":"A case of African histoplasmosis; with a mycological note on Histoplasma duboisii n. sp. 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