{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T00:01:11Z","timestamp":1793145671973,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,24]],"date-time":"2015-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1435104000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL<\/jats:styled-content>) is a major world health problem, which is increasing in incidence. Pentavalent antimonials have been considered as standard treatment for leishmaniasis. Many studies are performed to find an effective and safe treatment for patients with CL<\/jats:styled-content>. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of oral cimetidine and low\u2010dose systemic meglumine antimoniate (MA<\/jats:styled-content>) with standard dose of systemic MA<\/jats:styled-content> in the treatment of CL<\/jats:styled-content>. This study was, to our knowledge, the first to show the effect of combination therapy oral cimetidine and MA<\/jats:styled-content> in the treatment of CL<\/jats:styled-content> all over the world. In this randomized double\u2010blind placebo\u2010controlled clinical trial, 120 patients with suspected CL<\/jats:styled-content> were referred to the Aleppo University Hospital Clinic; 90 of these patients with the clinical and parasitological diagnosis of CL<\/jats:styled-content> were recruited and were randomly divided into three treatment groups of 30 subjects each. Group A was treated with MA<\/jats:styled-content> 60\u00a0mg\/kg\/d IM<\/jats:styled-content> and oral placebo. Groups B and C received MA<\/jats:styled-content> 30\u00a0mg\/kg\/d IM<\/jats:styled-content> and oral cimetidine 1200\u00a0mg\/d, MA<\/jats:styled-content> 30\u00a0mg\/kg\/d IM<\/jats:styled-content> and oral placebo, respectively. The duration of treatment was three weeks for all groups. The effectiveness of the treatment was classified in three levels as complete response, partial response, and no response. Data were analyzed by SPSS<\/jats:styled-content> 19 using KI<\/jats:styled-content> square, Mann\u2013Whitney, Kaplan\u2013Mayer, and ANOVA<\/jats:styled-content> tests. At the end of the study (12\u00a0weeks), the rate of complete response was 91.11% in the first group, and 84.66% and 78.33% in groups B and C, respectively (P\u00a0<\/jats:italic><\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.05). The highest response rate was for the group treated with a standard dose of systemic MA<\/jats:styled-content> and placebo. Our results showed that although oral cimetidine and low\u2010dose systemic MA<\/jats:styled-content> had less efficacy in comparison to a standard dose of systemic MA<\/jats:styled-content> in the treatment of CL<\/jats:styled-content>, it still can be considered as a replacement therapy in high\u2010risk patients (such as patients with heart, kidney, and\/or liver disease) under close supervision of physicians.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.12709","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,24]],"date-time":"2015-06-24T23:03:36Z","timestamp":1435187016000},"page":"834-838","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["A comparative study between the efficacy of oral cimetidine and low\u2010dose systemic meglumine antimoniate (MA<\/scp>) with a standard dose of systemic MA<\/scp> in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Siavash M.","family":"Shanehsaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Venereology Aleppo University Hospital Aleppo Syria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silva","family":"Ishkhanian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Venereology Aleppo University Hospital Aleppo Syria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2004.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","unstructured":"M Corrado 1892"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"95","article-title":"Un nouveau zymogeme de Leishmania tropica, agent du Bouton d'Alep (Syrie)","volume":"56","author":"Belazzoug S","year":"1988","journal-title":"Arch Inst Pasteur Alger"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(02)00088-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2000.00664.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)10178-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1963.11686192"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.27.6.916"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","first-page":"114","volume-title":"Cutaneous leishmaniasis","author":"Nilforoushzadeh MA","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0923-1811(01)00147-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000539-199907000-00040"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2885.1999.00196.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004030050331"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","first-page":"34","article-title":"Comparison of effects of Cimetidine and Glucantim in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Balb\/c mice","volume":"4","author":"Izadi S","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Shahrekord Uni Med Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2603","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.132.5.2603","article-title":"Monocyte suppression of antigen specific responses in diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis patients, Dominican Republic","volume":"132","author":"Petersen EA","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","first-page":"185","volume-title":"Clinical Tropical Dermatology","author":"Conizares O","year":"1975"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","first-page":"807","article-title":"The control of leishmaniasis","volume":"58","author":"Marinkelle CJ","year":"1980","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.The leishmaniasis. Report of a WHO expert committee. WHO Tech Rep Ser 701 1984."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","first-page":"296","volume-title":"Tropical and Geographical Medicine","author":"Neva F","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clind\/24.4.684"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.326.7385.377"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0738-081X(96)00036-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1997.57.651"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","first-page":"496","article-title":"Treatment of American cutaneous leishmaniasis: a comparison between low dose (5\u00a0mg\/kg\/d) and high dosage (20\u00a0mg\/kg\/d) antimony regimens","volume":"45","author":"Oliveira\u2010Neto MP","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pathol Biol (Paris)"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(83)90213-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","first-page":"287","article-title":"A comparative study between the efficacy of systemic meglumine antimoniate therapy with standard or low dose plus omeprazole in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis","volume":"45","author":"Nilforoushzadeh MA","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Vector Borne Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","first-page":"901","volume-title":"Textbook of Dermatology","author":"Harman PRM","year":"1979"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4794","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.144.12.4794","article-title":"Macrophage killing of Leishmania parasite in vivo is mediated by nitric oxide from L\u2010arginine","volume":"144","author":"Liew FY","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1989.11812354","article-title":"The effect of pentostam and cimetidine on the development of leishmaniasis and concomitant malaria","volume":"33","author":"Coleman R","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ann Trop Parasitol"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fijd.12709","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ijd.12709","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T14:34:47Z","timestamp":1696343687000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ijd.12709"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,24]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ijd.12709"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ijd.12709","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0011-9059","1365-4632"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0011-9059","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-4632","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2013-12-24","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2014-03-08","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2015-06-24","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}