{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T06:08:59Z","timestamp":1790834939953,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,20]],"date-time":"2015-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1434758400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Type 2 lepra reaction (T2R) is a difficult\u2010to\u2010manage condition in leprosy, and an effective and safe steroid\u2010sparing agent is needed for its management. The World Health Organization proposes clofazimine and recommends pentoxifylline for T2R. Our study was done to compare the effectiveness and safety of clofazimine and pentoxifylline therapy in patients with T2R.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty patients with T2R were randomized equally. Group A received pentoxifylline 400\u00a0mg t.d.s, group B received clofazimine 100\u00a0mg t.d.s. for 12\u00a0weeks. Both groups received prednisolone 40\u00a0mg o.d., tapered over 12\u00a0weeks. The effectiveness parameters were days needed for resolution of cutaneous and systemic manifestations, relapses, cutaneous score, systemic score, and average daily prednisolone intake. Safety parameters were spontaneously appearing adverse events and laboratory parameter changes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The cutaneous scores in the clofazimine (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a00.001) and pentoxifylline groups (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a00.001) showed a progressive decline in subsequent follow\u2010ups. Individual follow\u2010ups were significantly lower than baseline in both groups (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a00.05). Systemic scores fared similarly. There were no significant intergroup changes. Average daily prednisolone intake progressively decreased in group B (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a00.001). Cutaneous and systemic manifestations took a comparable time to resolve. Both drugs were safe.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pentoxifylline effectively reduces initial severity; clofazimine provides sustained improvement but acts slowly.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.12793","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,20]],"date-time":"2015-06-20T10:27:27Z","timestamp":1434796047000},"page":"1325-1332","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Effectiveness and safety of clofazimine and pentoxifylline in type 2 lepra reaction: a double\u2010blind, randomized, controlled study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Kunal","family":"Roy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Medical College Kolkata West Bengal India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amrita","family":"Sil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research Kolkata West Bengal India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nilay K.","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Medical College Kolkata West Bengal India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debabrata","family":"Bandyopadhyay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Medical College Kolkata West Bengal India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"229","article-title":"Reactional states of leprosy: a clinical assessment","volume":"49","author":"Debi B","year":"1977","journal-title":"Lepr India"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","first-page":"221","article-title":"Pattern of reactions in leprosy: a clinical appraisal","volume":"49","author":"Sehgal 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