{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T16:29:44Z","timestamp":1777134584115,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,14]],"date-time":"2015-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1436832000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004484","name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23321\u2010101\u201002\u201092"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23321\u2010101\u201002\u201092"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004484","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Environmental and genetic factors may contribute to the pathogenesis of pemphigus vulgaris (PV) as an autoimmune disease. We aimed to determine rates of seropositivity for immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against a number of infectious agents in untreated and treated PV patients and in healthy individuals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eighty\u2010two newly diagnosed untreated PV patients (34 men and 48 women; mean\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0standard deviation [SD] age: 44.18\u00a0\u00b1\u00a014.43\u00a0years) and 36 previously diagnosed patients under immunosuppressive therapy (16 men and 20 women; mean\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0SD age: 38.53\u00a0\u00b1\u00a09.96\u00a0years) were enrolled in the study. The clinical diagnosis of PV was confirmed by histopathology and direct immunofluorescence findings. As a control group, 131 healthy individuals (68 men and 63 women; mean\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0SD age: 42.56\u00a0\u00b1\u00a019.69\u00a0years) were recruited. In all patients and controls, serum IgG antibodies against <jats:italic>Strongyloides stercoralis<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic> Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic>, Epstein\u2013Barr virus (EBV) capsid antigen, and <jats:italic>Leishmania major<\/jats:italic> were measured using enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assays. The indirect immunofluorescence test was used to detect IgG antibodies against <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Newly\u2010diagnosed untreated PV patients had significantly higher rates of seropositivity of IgG antibodies against <jats:italic>S.\u00a0stercoralis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>H.\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic> compared with the control group (69.5% vs. 16.0% [<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001] and 79.3% vs. 59.5% [<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a00.004], respectively). For the other agents, namely <jats:italic>T.\u00a0gondii<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic> L.\u00a0major<\/jats:italic>, and EBV capsid antigen, the differences between groups in seropositivity for IgG antibodies were not statistically significant.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Significant associations between <jats:italic>S.\u00a0stercoralis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>H.\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic> seropositivity rates and untreated disease led to the hypothesis that these pathogenic agents may contribute to the pathogenesis of PV.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.12869","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,15]],"date-time":"2015-07-15T00:54:02Z","timestamp":1436921642000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Frequency of seropositivity against infectious agents amongst pemphigus vulgaris patients: a case\u2013control study on <i>Strongyloides stercoralis<\/i>,<i> Helicobacter pylori<\/i>,<i> Toxoplasma gondii<\/i>,<i> Leishmania major<\/i>, and Epstein\u2013Barr virus"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Hossein","family":"Mortazavi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center School of Medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology Razi Hospital School of Medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0577-8378","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pardis","family":"Hejazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Razi Hospital School of Medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Khamesipour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy School of Medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mehdi","family":"Mohebali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology School of Public Health School of Medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Center for Research of Endemic Parasites of Iran (CREPI) School of Medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amir Hooshang","family":"Ehsani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Razi Hospital School of Medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Younes","family":"Mohammadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public Health School of Medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2273-303X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iman Vasheghani","family":"Farahani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering North Carolina State University Raleigh, NC 27695, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ali Akbar","family":"Amirzargar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Immunology Research Center School of Medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Department of Immunology School of Medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran 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