{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T00:40:28Z","timestamp":1782952828650,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,15]],"date-time":"2015-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1444867200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The El Ni\u00f1o Southern Oscillation (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ENSO<\/jats:styled-content>) is a complex climate phenomenon occurring in the Pacific Ocean at intervals of 2\u20137 years. The term refers to fluctuations in ocean temperatures in the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean (El Ni\u00f1o [the warm phase of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ENSO<\/jats:styled-content>] and La Ni\u00f1a [the cool phase of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ENSO<\/jats:styled-content>]) and in atmospheric pressure across the Pacific basin (Southern Oscillation). This weather pattern is attributed with causing climate change in certain parts of the world and is associated with disease outbreaks. The question of how <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ENSO<\/jats:styled-content> affects skin and skin\u2010related disease is relatively unanswered. We aimed to review the literature describing the effects of this complex weather pattern on skin. El Ni\u00f1o has been associated with increases in the occurrence of actinic keratosis, tinea, pityriasis versicolor, miliaria, folliculitis, rosacea, dermatitis by <jats:italic>Paederus irritans<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Paederus sabaeus<\/jats:italic>, and certain vector\u2010borne and waterborne diseases, such as dengue fever, leishmaniasis, Chagas' disease, Barmah Forest virus, and leptospirosis, and with decreases in the occurrence of dermatitis, scabies, psoriasis, and papular urticaria. La Ni\u00f1a has been associated with increases in the occurrence of varicella, hand, foot, and mouth disease, and Ross River virus (in certain areas), and decreases in viral warts and leishmaniasis. Reports on the effects of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ENSO<\/jats:styled-content> on skin and skin\u2010related disease are limited, and more studies could be helpful in the future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.12941","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,16]],"date-time":"2015-10-16T00:51:15Z","timestamp":1444956675000},"page":"1343-1351","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The effects of the El Ni\u00f1o Southern Oscillation on skin and skin\u2010related diseases: a message from the International Society of Dermatology Climate Change Task Force"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Louise K.","family":"Andersen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermato\u2010Venereology Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark D. P.","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Dermatology Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","unstructured":"US Department of Commerce.National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).http:\/\/www.noaa.gov. [Accessed April 9 2014.]"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","unstructured":"KovatsRS BoumaMJ HalesA.El Ni\u00f1o and health. Sustainable development and healthy environments. Protection of the human environment. World Health Organization Task Force on Climate and Health.1999.http:\/\/www.who.int\/globalchange\/publications\/en\/elnino.pdf. [Accessed April 9 2014.]"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","unstructured":"National Weather Service.JetStream: online school for weather. Weather impacts of ENSO.2014.http:\/\/www.srh.noaa.gov\/jetstream\/tropics\/enso_impacts.htm. 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