{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T07:30:37Z","timestamp":1780990237206,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,15]],"date-time":"2016-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1468540800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>Chronic fungal infections are known to exacerbate allergic symptoms, including those of asthma and chronic urticaria (CU<\/jats:styled-content>). We applied four prepared fungal antigens of Trichophyton rubrum<\/jats:italic>, Trichophyton mentagrophytes<\/jats:italic>, Epidermophyton floccosum<\/jats:italic>, and Candida albicans<\/jats:italic> to examine sensitization to each in subjects with CU<\/jats:styled-content> and onychomycosis and in healthy subjects, and to evaluate the etiologic role of dermatophytic infection in CU<\/jats:styled-content> and observe any cross\u2010reactions among these four antigens.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>Participants were divided into four groups, including those with CU<\/jats:styled-content> with onychomycosis (experiment group), those with onychomycosis without allergic diseases (control group 1), those with CU<\/jats:styled-content> without fungal infections (control group 2), and a healthy group (control group 3). In all subjects, skin prick tests with the four fungal antigens were performed. Subjects in the experiment group and control group 1 were also submitted to mycologic investigations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>The experiment group showed significantly higher rates of positivity than the three control groups to T. rubrum<\/jats:italic>, E. floccosum<\/jats:italic>, and T. mentagrophytes<\/jats:italic> antigens. Control group 1 showed rates higher than those in control groups 2 and 3; no significant difference emerged between control groups 2 and 3. Positivity to the C. albicans<\/jats:italic> antigen did not differ among the four groups. In control group 1, rates of positivity to the three dermatophytic antigens did not differ significantly but did for C. albicans<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>Fungal infection seems to be an important determinant of trichophyton hypersensitivity. Cross\u2010reactions among T. mentagrophytes<\/jats:italic>, T. rubrum<\/jats:italic>, and E. floccosum<\/jats:italic> antigens were obvious, but none emerged between the antigens of the three dermatophytes and that of C. albicans<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.13162","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,15]],"date-time":"2016-07-15T23:07:40Z","timestamp":1468624060000},"page":"1138-1142","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Sensitization and cross\u2010reactions of dermatophyte and Candida albicans<\/i> allergens in patients with chronic urticaria"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Min","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Southern medical university Jinling Hospital Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Southern medical university Jinling Hospital Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haibo","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Southern medical university Jinling Hospital Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongnian","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Dermatology Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingtao","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Southern medical university Jinling Hospital Nanjing 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