{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T22:59:03Z","timestamp":1776898743346,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,24]],"date-time":"2016-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1456272000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The pathogenesis of erythema nodosum (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EN<\/jats:styled-content>) is still poorly understood, and studies evaluating the involvement of a cytokine network are very scarce.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate clinical and pathological features, the cytokine profiles, and the balance of T\u2010regulatory (Treg) and T\u2010helper (Th)17 cells in serum and lesional skin of patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EN<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with a diagnosis of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EN<\/jats:styled-content> were consecutively enrolled, and their clinical and histopathological features were recorded. A panel of cytokines was evaluated in both serum and lesional skin using enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay. Real\u2010time polymerase chain reaction was performed to evaluate the Treg\/Th17 cell balance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Histopathological examination of skin biopsy specimens from all patients (four women and one man) showed classical features of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EN<\/jats:styled-content>. The most widely expressed cytokines were innate immunity cytokines (mainly tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin\u20108 and \u20106) and growth factors (mainly granulocyte colony\u2010stimulating factor and monocyte chemoattractant protein\u20101). The Treg\/Th17 balance was highly different between patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present study emphasizes the crucial role of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EN<\/jats:styled-content>, as high levels of cytokines and growth factors mainly involved in neutrophil recruitment and activation were detected.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.13212","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,26]],"date-time":"2016-02-26T08:50:10Z","timestamp":1456476610000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Clinical, histopathological, and immunological evaluation of a series of patients with erythema nodosum"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Clara","family":"De Simone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Catholic University of the Sacred Heart Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giacomo","family":"Caldarola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Catholic University of the Sacred Heart Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Franco","family":"Scaldaferri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Division \u201cPoliclinico A. 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