{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T14:35:50Z","timestamp":1780497350698,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,23]],"date-time":"2016-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1466640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004484","name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19102\u2010160\u201003\u201091"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19102\u2010160\u201003\u201091"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004484","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Resistance to pentavalent antimonial drugs has become a serious problem in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis in some endemic areas. Investigations on molecular markers involved in drug resistance are essential for monitoring of the disease. <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\u2010activated C kinase gene (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LACK<\/jats:styled-content>1) is involved in multiple central processes such as signal transduction. According to the probable role of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LACK<\/jats:styled-content>1 gene in antimony resistance, we used real\u2010time reverse transcription\u2013polymerase chain reaction (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content>) to investigate the expression of this gene in clinical <jats:italic>L. tropica<\/jats:italic> strains, which were resistant or sensitive to meglumine antimoniate.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We analyzed the expression level of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LACK<\/jats:styled-content> in 18 sensitive and 14 resistant <jats:italic>L. tropica<\/jats:italic> isolates collected from patients with anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis. After <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">cDNA<\/jats:styled-content> synthesis, gene expression analysis was performed by quantitative real\u2010time <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content> using <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SYBR<\/jats:styled-content> Green. In addition, the full length of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LACK<\/jats:styled-content> gene from six reference strains was cloned and sequenced then deposited in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NCBI<\/jats:styled-content> database to confirm our strains.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Real\u2010time reverse transcription\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content> revealed that the average <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content> expression level of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LACK<\/jats:styled-content> in isolates from unresponsive and responsive patients were 0.479 and 4.583, respectively, and expression of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LACK<\/jats:styled-content> was significantly downregulated (9.56\u2010fold) in resistant isolates compared to sensitive ones.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Results of the present study suggest the probable role of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LACK<\/jats:styled-content> gene in antimony resistance. Moreover, it can be considered as a potential marker for monitoring antimony resistance in clinical isolates. However, further studies are required to exploit the biological functions of it in antimony resistance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.13321","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,25]],"date-time":"2016-06-25T11:53:28Z","timestamp":1466855608000},"page":"1020-1026","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Expression analysis of activated protein kinase C gene (<scp>LACK<\/scp>1) in antimony sensitive and resistant <i>Leishmania tropica<\/i> clinical isolates using real\u2010time RT\u2010PCR"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Homa","family":"Hajjaran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology School of Public Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran 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