{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]],"date-time":"2025-06-04T07:27:11Z","timestamp":1749022031975},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,15]],"date-time":"2016-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1468540800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Alopecia areata (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AA<\/jats:styled-content>) is a non\u2010scarring hair loss condition, the pathogenesis of which is not fully understood. Genetic predisposition, autoimmunity, and stress may each play a role. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MIF<\/jats:styled-content>) is a cytokine that plays a role in the regulation of macrophage function. It also initiates inflammation and immune response by regulating a number of proinflammatory cytokines.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study was designed to study serum and lesional skin biopsy <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MIF<\/jats:styled-content> levels in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AA<\/jats:styled-content> patients and to assess their associations with disease severity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study included 30 patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AA<\/jats:styled-content> and 15 age\u2010 and sex\u2010matched healthy control subjects. Quantitative measurements of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MIF<\/jats:styled-content> concentrations in sera and skin samples were obtained in both patients and control subjects. Associations with disease severity (assessed using the Severity of Alopecia Tool) were evaluated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mean \u00b1 standard deviation (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SD<\/jats:styled-content>) <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MIF<\/jats:styled-content> levels in serum and skin were significantly higher in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AA<\/jats:styled-content> patients (45.03 \u00b1 26.98 ng\/ml and 73.83 \u00b1 29.81 ng\/ml, respectively) than in controls (7.73 \u00b1 1.62 ng\/ml and 0.40 \u00b1 1.12 ng\/ml, respectively) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01). Mean \u00b1 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SD<\/jats:styled-content> serum and skin <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MIF<\/jats:styled-content> levels were also found to be higher in severe <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AA<\/jats:styled-content> (69.93 \u00b1 11.51 ng\/ml and 100.80 \u00b1 13.77 ng\/ml, respectively) than in mild <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AA<\/jats:styled-content> (20.13 \u00b1 6.84 ng\/ml and 46.87 \u00b1 9.65 ng\/ml, respectively) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The finding that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MIF<\/jats:styled-content> is increased in serum and lesional skin of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AA<\/jats:styled-content> patients indicates its possible involvement in the pathogenesis of the disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.13344","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,15]],"date-time":"2016-07-15T23:06:44Z","timestamp":1468624004000},"page":"1357-1361","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Evaluation of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (<scp>MIF<\/scp>) levels in serum and lesional skin of patients with alopecia areata"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Samar A.","family":"Salem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology Faculty of Medicine Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marwa K.","family":"Asaad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology Faculty of Medicine Ain Shams University Cairo 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