{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,3]],"date-time":"2025-08-03T04:29:15Z","timestamp":1754195355058},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,5]],"date-time":"2016-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1475625600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The current pandemic of tuberculosis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TB<\/jats:styled-content>) and human immunodeficiency virus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>) co\u2010infection, the modern era of antiretroviral therapy, and the rising incidence of multidrug\u2010resistant <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TB<\/jats:styled-content> have led to a broader spectrum of skin conditions in patients hospitalized with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TB<\/jats:styled-content>. These factors also influence investigations into possible causal relationships with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TB<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to describe mucocutaneous conditions found in patients hospitalized with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TB<\/jats:styled-content> and to report associated factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A cross\u2010sectional observational study examining the spectrum of skin manifestations found in 105 patients hospitalized with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TB<\/jats:styled-content> was conducted. All relevant demographic and clinical data were collected. Possible associations were evaluated by making use of statistical analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seventy\u2010four (70%) of the investigated population were <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010positive, and 46 (44%) patients were being treated for drug\u2010resistant <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TB<\/jats:styled-content>. The most prevalent dermatosis was xerosis (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 83, 79%), followed by oral candidiasis (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 33, 31%) and scars (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 33, 31%), finger clubbing (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 31, 29%), leukonychia (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 29, 28%), striae (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 25, 24%), and facial hyperpigmentation (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 22, 21%). Anemia was detected in 90 (86%) patients, and 75 (71%) were classified as being underweight. Three patients were diagnosed with cutaneous <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TB<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients hospitalized with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TB<\/jats:styled-content> have on average four different dermatoses, but xerosis remains the leading dermatological finding, irrespective of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content> status or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TB<\/jats:styled-content> drug sensitivity. Anemia and malnutrition are associated with numerous skin conditions found in this population. The prevalence of cutaneous <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TB<\/jats:styled-content> among patients hospitalized with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TB<\/jats:styled-content> remains low, despite the high rate of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TB<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content> co\u2010infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.13355","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,15]],"date-time":"2016-07-15T23:04:51Z","timestamp":1468623891000},"page":"1234-1241","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Skin conditions in a South African tuberculosis hospital: Prevalence, description, and possible associations"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Ir\u00e9ne","family":"McLachlan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Dermatology Department of Medicine University of Stellenbosch and Tygerberg Academic Hospital Tygerberg Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Willem I.","family":"Visser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Dermatology Department of Medicine University of Stellenbosch and Tygerberg Academic Hospital Tygerberg Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H. Francois","family":"Jordaan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Dermatology Department of Medicine University of Stellenbosch and Tygerberg Academic Hospital Tygerberg Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","volume-title":"Global Tuberculosis Report 2014","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)62173-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. TB data.http:\/\/www.who.int\/tb\/data. Updated 2014. 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