{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T20:04:39Z","timestamp":1791576279315,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,29]],"date-time":"2017-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1496016000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003196","name":"Ministero della Salute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Even though androgenetic alopecia (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AGA<\/jats:styled-content>) is the most common type of alopecia, factors associated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AGA<\/jats:styled-content> severity have been poorly investigated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The objective of our study was to investigate risk factors for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AGA<\/jats:styled-content> severity among a Caucasian population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A cross\u2010sectional study was conducted among <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AGA<\/jats:styled-content> subjects in the outpatient clinic of a reference hospital for skin diseases in Rome, Italy. A total of 351 Caucasian subjects with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AGA<\/jats:styled-content>, mean age 35.6 years, were enrolled in the study. Information on educational level, family history of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AGA<\/jats:styled-content>, diet, alcohol consumption, the presence of chronic diseases, the use of pills including dietary supplements, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMI<\/jats:styled-content>, and smoking was collected by a face\u2010to\u2010face interview using standardized questionnaires. Norwood and Ludwig classifications were used to assess the degree of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AGA<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Subjects with a <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMI<\/jats:styled-content> of 25 or more and current smokers had circa six times an increased risk of having moderate or severe <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AGA<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>: 6.72; 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 2.57\u201317.6). In the multivariate model, after controlling for gender, age, education, dyslipidemia, dietary supplements, and wine consumption, the effect of high <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMI<\/jats:styled-content> and smoking (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>: 5.96; 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 1.65\u201321.5) on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AGA<\/jats:styled-content> severity remained. Only age and gender, besides the effect of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMI<\/jats:styled-content> and smoking, remained statistically significant in the multivariate model while education, the presence of dyslipidemia, dietary supplements, and wine consumption did not remain statistically significant.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our study shows that the combination of overweight and smoking is associated with an increased severity of androgenetic alopecia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.13652","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,29]],"date-time":"2017-05-29T05:56:49Z","timestamp":1496037409000},"page":"862-867","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["The combination of overweight and smoking increases the severity of androgenetic 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