{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T22:36:46Z","timestamp":1775687806829,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,4]],"date-time":"2018-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1515024000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Lichen sclerosus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LS<\/jats:styled-content>) is a chronic inflammatory mucocutaneous disease with uncertain etiology. It occurs as white plaque\u2010like lesions mostly in the anogenital skin. Oral mucosal involvement is extremely rare. This study aims to summarize the features of published oral lichen sclerosus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OLS<\/jats:styled-content>) and two new cases.<\/jats:p><jats:p>A systematic search of the English literature from 1955 to 2016 was performed in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MEDLINE<\/jats:styled-content>, Scopus, and Web of Science, and cross\u2010references were searched manually. Search phrases included \u201clichen sclerosus,\u201d \u201cmouth,\u201d \u201coral,\u201d \u201clip,\u201d \u201cpalate,\u201d \u201cfloor of mouth,\u201d \u201ctongue,\u201d \u201cgingiva,\u201d \u201cbuccal mucosa,\u201d and \u201cmouth diseases.\u201d Cases with clinical and histopathological confirmation of diagnosis of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OLS<\/jats:styled-content> were included.<\/jats:p><jats:p>A total of 41 (39 published and 2 new) histologically confirmed <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OLS<\/jats:styled-content> cases were available. The median age of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OLS<\/jats:styled-content> patients was 31 years, and 66% of the patients were female. Most of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OLS<\/jats:styled-content> lesions were asymptomatic. They were located in the labial mucosa (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 20), lip (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 15), buccal mucosa (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 14), gingiva (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 12), tongue (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 12), and palate (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 7).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OLS<\/jats:styled-content> is rare and typically presents as asymptomatic, white, plaque\u2010like lesions. Malignant transformation of preexisting <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OLS<\/jats:styled-content> has not been reported.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.13870","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,4]],"date-time":"2018-01-04T05:03:16Z","timestamp":1515042196000},"page":"521-528","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Oral lichen sclerosus: a systematic review of reported cases and two new cases"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Tuomas","family":"Kakko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Dentistry Faculty of Medicine University of Oulu Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tuula","family":"Salo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit Faculty of Medicine University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital Oulu 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