{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:52:16Z","timestamp":1787014336990,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,6]],"date-time":"2018-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1522972800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Dermatologic toxicity represents a substantial portion of all immune\u2010related adverse events (ir\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      s) associated with\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u20101\/\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u2010L1 inhibitors. Bullous pemphigoid (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) is a rare cutaneous side effect of these medications, which can initially be clinically indistinguishable from other, low\u2010grade cutaneous toxicity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To better characterize the clinical features of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      associated with\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u20101\/\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u2010L1 inhibitors, evaluate the efficacy of various treatment regimens, determine the frequency of prodromal pruritus, and assess whether immunological diagnostic studies for\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      are warranted in patients treated with checkpoint inhibitors who develop intractable pruritus.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A comprehensive review of the English\u2010language medical literature was performed using key terms. Papers published on any date and from all origins were considered. Fourteen publications, containing 21 patient cases, were selected independently by two reviewers and deemed relevant to the present publication.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Pruritus was a prominent feature of the majority (12\/21) of cases and preceded or occurred concurrently with\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      development. Bullae developed within 6\u20138 months of initiation of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u20101\/\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u2010L1 inhibitors; however, a smaller subset of patients did not develop bullae for 1\u20131.5 years following initiation of therapy. Mean time to pruritus was similar for pembrolizumab and nivolumab at 19 and 21 weeks, respectively. Development of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      required discontinuation of immunotherapy in 76% (16\/21) of cases.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Prodromal or \u201cnon\u2010bullous\u201d variants of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      must be considered in patients treated with checkpoint inhibitors who develop protracted or worsening pruritus. Early diagnostic immunological evaluation of the skin may lead to improved patient outcomes by facilitating timely initiation of treatment and prevent disruptions in cancer therapy.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.13984","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,9]],"date-time":"2018-04-09T16:48:43Z","timestamp":1523292523000},"page":"664-669","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":153,"title":["A review of bullous pemphigoid associated with\n                    <scp>PD<\/scp>\n                    \u20101 and\n                    <scp>PD<\/scp>\n                    \u2010L1 inhibitors"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Adriana T.","family":"Lopez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons New York NY 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