{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T04:48:34Z","timestamp":1768970914190,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,29]],"date-time":"2018-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1527552000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Dermatology Society of South Africa (DSSA)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ultraviolet (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UV<\/jats:styled-content>) radiation is the most important environmental risk factor for the development of nonmelanoma skin cancer (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NMSC<\/jats:styled-content>). <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UV<\/jats:styled-content> radiation is, however, also vital in the formation of vitamin D in humans. Strict sun protection advised to skin cancer patients may lead to vitamin D deficiency, yet vitamin D may have a protective effect against cancer formation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The primary aim was to determine whether patients with nonmelanoma skin cancer at our institution were vitamin D deficient.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>25\u2010Hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels were determined in 109 patients with a diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BCC<\/jats:styled-content>) and\/or squamous cell carcinoma (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCC<\/jats:styled-content>) during the summer and winter of 2015 at the Tygerberg Academic Hospital in Cape Town, South Africa. Associations between clinical and epidemiological data and the 25(<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OH<\/jats:styled-content>)D level results were investigated. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as total 25(<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OH<\/jats:styled-content>)D levels &lt;20 ng\/mL (&lt;50 nmol\/L).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>It was found that 49.5% of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NMSC<\/jats:styled-content> patients were vitamin D deficient, and 41.3% had insufficient vitamin D levels. Females were more likely than males to be vitamin D deficient (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.047). Winter was significantly associated with vitamin D deficiency, compared to summer (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> = 4.81, 95%<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> = 2.09\u201311.09, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;0.001). Having a previous <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCC<\/jats:styled-content> appeared associated with not being vitamin D deficient (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> = 0.46, 95%<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> = 0.20\u20131.11, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.084).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The findings highlight the need for the development of recommendations and guidelines on sun protection in patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NMSC<\/jats:styled-content>, while still ensuring an adequate vitamin D status. High risk factors included winter and female gender.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.14068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,29]],"date-time":"2018-05-29T15:53:21Z","timestamp":1527609201000},"page":"922-927","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Vitamin D status in adult patients with nonmelanoma skin cancer in Cape Town, South Africa: a cross\u2010sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Linda","family":"van Deventer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Dermatology Department of Medicine Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Academic Hospital Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susanna M.H.","family":"Kannenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Dermatology Department of Medicine Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Academic Hospital Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacques","family":"du Toit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Dermatology Department of Medicine Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Academic Hospital Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"112","article-title":"Hope and challenge: the importance of ultraviolet (UV) radiation for cutaneous vitamin D synthesis and skin cancer","volume":"243","author":"Reichrath J","year":"2012","journal-title":"Scand J Clin Lab Invest Suppl"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2009.09450.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2006.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2006","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.2006.13.12","article-title":"UV dose determines key characteristics of non\u2010melanoma skin cancer","volume":"13","author":"Ramos J","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.05.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.05.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-7158.2012.01527.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2012.09.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-009-9470-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archdermatol.2011.231"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra070553"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","unstructured":"Office of Dietary Supplements \u2013 Vitamin D.NIH Office of Dietary Supplements. 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