{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T14:08:38Z","timestamp":1789913318617,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,30]],"date-time":"2018-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1535587200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Australia Alopecia Areata Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Oral Janus kinase (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">JAK<\/jats:styled-content>) inhibitors are currently being investigated in phase <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content> and phase <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">III<\/jats:styled-content> clinical trials for several inflammatory skin diseases including alopecia areata (AA). Topical <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">JAK<\/jats:styled-content> inhibitors have been investigated in atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and AA. While a number of case series using topical <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">JAK<\/jats:styled-content> inhibitors in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AA<\/jats:styled-content> have been published, to date there have been no randomized controlled clinical trials.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a phase I, 28 week prospective, placebo\u2010controlled, double\u2010blind study in patients with alopecia universalis investigating hair regrowth with two topical <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">JAK<\/jats:styled-content> inhibitors, 2% tofacitinib and 1% ruxolitinib. Topical clobetasol dipropionate 0.005% was the active comparator while vehicle was used as the placebo control. Sixteen patients were recruited for the study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Six patients demonstrated partial hair regrowth in areas treated with 2% tofacitinib ointment applied twice daily. Five patients demonstrated partial hair regrowth in the areas treated with 1% ruxolitinib ointment. Ten patients demonstrated partial hair regrowth in the areas treated with clobetasol dipropionate 0.05% ointment. No regrowth was observed in the placebo treated area. Interestingly, generalized hair regrowth was observed in two patients. One patient had 100% regrowth over his entire scalp and eyebrows by week 24 but relapsed after 12\u00a0weeks. A second patient also experienced generalized scalp regrowth and significant eyebrow growth and continued to maintain growth 14\u00a0weeks later.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings suggest that topical <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">JAK<\/jats:styled-content> inhibitors could be developed as a potential new treatment for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AA<\/jats:styled-content> and alternative to clobetasol dipropionate 0.05% ointment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.14192","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,30]],"date-time":"2018-08-30T17:14:18Z","timestamp":1535649258000},"page":"1464-1470","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Treatment of alopecia universalis with topical Janus kinase inhibitors \u2013 a double blind, placebo, and active controlled pilot 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