{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T02:58:23Z","timestamp":1777517903228,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,22]],"date-time":"2018-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1540166400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Centre of Science, Poland","award":["N N402 661940"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N N402 661940"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Bullous pemphigoid (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BP<\/jats:styled-content>) is an autoimmune blistering disease associated with preexisting comorbidities and higher mortality. The interest in using therapy other than oral steroids in BP management results from severe complications and increased risk of death. The efficacy of oral doxycycline or whole\u2010body application of topical clobetasol has been proven in randomized controlled trials. The case series study suggested that combination of tetracycline, nicotinamide, and lesionally administered clobetasol may also be useful.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a clinical 3\u2010year retrospective study of treatment with tetracycline, nicotinamide, and lesionally administered clobetasol (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNC<\/jats:styled-content>) in comparison to prednisone (P). Out of 106 patients (mean age 78 \u00b1 9.9 years) with newly diagnosed <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BP<\/jats:styled-content>, 59 received tetracycline 1.5 g\/daily, nicotinamide 1.2 g\/daily, and 0.05% lesionally administered clobetasol cream, and 47 patients \u2013 prednisone 0.5 mg\/kg daily.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The median time to disease control was achieved after 7 days in both groups. At 4 weeks, 93.2% of patients treated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNC<\/jats:styled-content> and 89.1% from P group achieved disease control. The median period between complete remission and relapse was 60 days in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNC<\/jats:styled-content> group and 90 days in the P group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.84). At least one relapse within 1 year was noted in 32.1% of patients from <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">the TNC<\/jats:styled-content> group and 50% from the P group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.09). The 1\u2010year survival for the TNC and P groups was 83% and 65.9%, respectively (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.04), and the 3\u2010year survival was 71.2% and 48% (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.019), respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tetracycline and nicotinamide combined with lesionally administered clobetasol is an alternative, effective treatment with better survival rates compared to prednisone in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BP<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.14270","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,23]],"date-time":"2018-10-23T04:24:27Z","timestamp":1540268667000},"page":"172-177","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Tetracycline, nicotinamide, and lesionally administered clobetasol as a therapeutic option to prednisone in patients with bullous pemphigoid: a comparative, retrospective analysis of 106 patients with long\u2010term follow\u2010up"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"58","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7770-3471","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Kalinska\u2010Bienias","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Immunodermatology Medical University of Warsaw Warsaw Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emilia","family":"Kowalczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Immunodermatology Medical University of Warsaw Warsaw Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pawel","family":"Jagielski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Nutrition Department Faculty of Health Science Jagiellonian University Medical College Krakow Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cezary","family":"Kowalewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Immunodermatology Medical University of Warsaw Warsaw Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Wozniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Immunodermatology Medical University of Warsaw Warsaw Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61140-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-017-1736-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.13717"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.134.4.465"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.138.7.903"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-017-1772-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.134.9.1137"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30560-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa011592"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(97)70336-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2011.06.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(87)90171-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2002.04835.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2008.412"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1986.01660180076019","article-title":"The treatment of bullous pemphigoid with tetracycline and niacinamide. 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