{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T04:00:50Z","timestamp":1792036850814,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,7]],"date-time":"2019-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546819200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Granuloma annulare (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GA<\/jats:styled-content>), a benign inflammatory skin disease, is considered a Th1\u2010type delayed hypersensitivity reaction. Localized <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GA<\/jats:styled-content> is likely to resolve spontaneously, whereas disseminated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GA<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DGA<\/jats:styled-content>) may persist for decades and can be resistant to treatment. Biologics including <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b1 inhibitors have been proposed and utilized as salvage therapy for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GA<\/jats:styled-content> and other related diseases, interstitial granulomatous dermatitis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IGD<\/jats:styled-content>), and actinic granuloma (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AG<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A systematic review was conducted using the combination of search terms \u201cgranuloma annulare,\u201d \u201cinterstitial granulomatous dermatitis,\u201d or \u201cactinic granuloma\u201d and either \u201cbiologics,\u201d \u201cetanercept,\u201d \u201cadalimumab,\u201d \u201cinfliximab,\u201d \u201custekinumab,\u201d \u201cixekizumab,\u201d \u201csecukinumab,\u201d \u201cguselkumab,\u201d \u201cgolimumab,\u201d \u201cbrodalumab,\u201d \u201ctildrakizumab,\u201d or \u201ccertolizumab\u201d from the years 1970\u20132017.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Review of the literature revealed that 79.3% of the patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GA<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> IGD<\/jats:styled-content>, or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AG<\/jats:styled-content> who had been treated with demonstrated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b1 inhibitor therapy a clinical response.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b1 inhibitor therapy has been used to treat chronic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GA<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> IGD<\/jats:styled-content>, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AG<\/jats:styled-content> that involved extensive body surface areas. However, the literature is limited to case series lacking control groups. Randomized, controlled trials are required to establish evidence\u2010based treatment of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GA<\/jats:styled-content> and related cutaneous, granulomatous conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.14350","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,9]],"date-time":"2019-01-09T03:33:40Z","timestamp":1547004820000},"page":"622-626","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["The role of biologics in the treatment of chronic granuloma annulare"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allison K.","family":"Truong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Dermatology Department of Medicine David Geffen 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