{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T23:26:43Z","timestamp":1791070003324,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,18]],"date-time":"2018-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1545091200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mycetoma is a chronic, localized infection caused by fungi and bacteria. It usually affects the skin, subcutaneous tissue, and bone of exposed areas with deformity of the affected limb, ulcers, and fistula; however, pain is not severe, therefore the patient comes late to hospital for care.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To establish the diagnosis of mycetoma in the foot by imaging and identify the principal radiological signs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Six patients with foot mycetoma were evaluated with plain x\u2010ray, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MR<\/jats:styled-content>) after confirming the diagnosis by histopathology and culture.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>All patients presented the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MR<\/jats:styled-content> \u201cdot\u2010in\u2010circle\u201d sign; four presented \u201cpunched out\u201d bone lesions on plain x\u2010ray. The six patients had fistulas, ulceration, a seropurulent exudate, edema, and a foot deformity. Four patients had <jats:italic>N.\u00a0brasiliensis<\/jats:italic> infection with positive anti\u2010Nocardia IgG antibodies, and only half presented bone lesions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Characteristic findings were foot deformity, edema, bone lesions, ulcers, fistulas and the presence of the \u201cdot\u2010in\u2010circle\u201d sign. We recommend a comprehensive study of patients with plain x\u2010ray and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MR<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.14351","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,19]],"date-time":"2018-12-19T03:59:12Z","timestamp":1545191952000},"page":"600-604","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["The importance of diagnostic imaging of mycetoma in the foot"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Jes\u00fas D.","family":"Guerra\u2010Leal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Imaging Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario \u201cDr. Jose E. Gonzalez\u201d Monterrey Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis A.","family":"Medrano\u2010Dan\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Imaging Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario \u201cDr. Jose E. Gonzalez\u201d Monterrey Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Montemayor\u2010Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Imaging Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario \u201cDr. Jose E. Gonzalez\u201d Monterrey Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edelmiro","family":"P\u00e9rez\u2010Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario \u201cDr. Jose E. 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