{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T06:49:33Z","timestamp":1778741373552,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,29]],"date-time":"2019-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1553817600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in children is becoming a common occurrence. Worldwide, limited studies have been done on the mucocutaneous manifestations in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010positive children. The aim of our study was to analyze the spectrum of mucocutaneous manifestations of pediatric <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content> infection and correlate to degree of immunosuppression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>One hundred and sixty\u2010five children under 18\u00a0years with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>, who presented to the departments of dermatology and pediatrics, were examined for mucocutaneous manifestations. Patients were classified into four groups of immunodeficiency such as normal, mild, advanced, and severe, based on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NACO<\/jats:styled-content> guidelines of immunosuppression. The most recent <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4 count (within 6\u00a0months of study period) was considered.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>One hundred and sixty\u2010five patients were examined, and skin manifestations were seen in 100 (61%) of them.The highest incidence of mucocutaneous manifestations was in 6\u201310 age group. Papular pruritic eruptions (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPE<\/jats:styled-content>) (16%) was the most common condition, with highest prevalence in severe <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4 category (38%). Molluscum contagiosum (MC) (10%) was the most common infectious condition, with highest prevalence in advanced <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4 category (14%). Severe cutaneous adverse reactions (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCAR<\/jats:styled-content>) caused by nevirapine were seen in three children. The percentage of skin manifestations was highest in the advanced (107%) and severe (100%) <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4 category. There was no significant difference in manifestations between those who were on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and those not.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The percentage of skin manifestations increased with degree of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4 depletion. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPE<\/jats:styled-content> was found to be the hallmark of severe immunosuppression. However, opportunistic infections did not correlate with severity of immunodeficiency.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.14440","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,30]],"date-time":"2019-03-30T06:15:15Z","timestamp":1553926515000},"page":"1165-1171","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Mucocutaneous manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in children in relation to the degree of immunosuppression"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Gillian R.","family":"Britto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology St. John's Medical College Hospital Bangalore India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Augustine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology St. John's Medical College Hospital Bangalore India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0378-6323.69041"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","unstructured":"The American Foundation for AIDS Research (AmFAR).http:\/\/www.amfar.org\/About-HIV-and-AIDS\/Facts-and-Stats\/Statistics-Worldwide\/. 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