{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T01:14:47Z","timestamp":1747185287730,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,12]],"date-time":"2019-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1557619200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cutaneous viral warts are benign epidermal proliferations caused by human papillomaviruses (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HPV<\/jats:styled-content>s). Despite treatment, a significant proportion of warts fail to resolve, becoming recalcitrant. Vitamin A (retinol) may disrupt the interplay of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HPV<\/jats:styled-content> replication and epithelial cell differentiation, allowing normal tissue to replace warts. Circulating retinol\u2010binding protein (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RBP<\/jats:styled-content>) concentrations highly correlate with retinol levels.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>We aimed at evaluation of serum RBP level in patients with recalcitrant cutaneous warts in order to assess its correlation with disease pathogenesis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Serum <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RBP<\/jats:styled-content> level was measured by an <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ELISA<\/jats:styled-content> technique in 50 patients with recalcitrant cutaneous warts and 30 apparently healthy controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Serum RBP level was significantly lower in patients with recalcitrant warts than the control group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). However, it did not differ regarding different clinical parameters in studied patients (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &gt; 0.05 each). <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RBP<\/jats:styled-content> is a reliable biomarker for significant early detection and discrimination between patients and healthy controls (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001) at a cutoff value \u22641034.6 <jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>g\/ml, with sensitivity and specificity (100% each).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results revealed that low serum <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RBP<\/jats:styled-content> as a relatively cheap biomarker with high specificity and sensitivity is a reliable indicator of vitamin A (retinol) deficiency that may play a role in the pathogenesis of recalcitrant cutaneous warts among our studied patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.14475","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,13]],"date-time":"2019-05-13T06:44:20Z","timestamp":1557729860000},"page":"1435-1438","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Serum retinol\u2010binding protein: a novel biomarker for recalcitrant cutaneous warts"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Fatma","family":"El\u2010Esawy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology Faculty of Medicine Benha University Benha Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3877-5787","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amany I.","family":"Mustafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology Faculty of Medicine Benha University Benha Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8276-8352","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ola","family":"El\u2010Shimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department Faculty of Medicine Benha University Benha Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"23","article-title":"Warts and molluscum in children","volume":"20","author":"Silverberg NB","year":"2004","journal-title":"Adv Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3121\/cmr.4.4.273"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0378-6323.79721"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v5112624"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-9-21"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","first-page":"145","article-title":"Proliferation of cells and expression of RARs, RXRs and HPV viral E6 and E7 proteins in cervical cancer cell lines after treatment with ATRA","volume":"18","author":"Myga\u2010Nowak M","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Agric Environ Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","first-page":"659","volume-title":"Psoriasis","author":"Tsambaos D","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1145697"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","first-page":"3630","article-title":"A brief review on systemic retinoids","volume":"8","author":"Aryal A","year":"2017","journal-title":"IJPSR"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1319-3767.37794"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/79.2.218"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/73.3.594"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470750520.ch25"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/derm.15026"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01985-10"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00750-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","first-page":"346","article-title":"Use of acitretin in a case of giant common warts in an HIV\u2010infected patient","volume":"18","author":"Simone CD","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0378-6323.42917"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09546634.2013.869302"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","first-page":"358","article-title":"Complete remission of recalcitrant viral warts under oral isotretinoin in a patient with low\u2010grade B\u2010cell lymphoma","volume":"85","author":"Monastirli A","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2007.02394.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00075197-200003000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","first-page":"83","article-title":"Zinc deficiency in patients with persistent viral warts","volume":"20","author":"Raza N","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Coll Physicians Surg Pak"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","unstructured":"WHO.Serum retinol concentrations for determining the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency in populations. Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System.Geneva World Health Organization 2011(WHO\/NMH\/NHD\/MNM\/11.3) Available at:http:\/\/www.who.int\/vmnis\/indicators\/retinol.pdf(Accessed 10\/1\/2019)."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1980.tb21314.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/3067126"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fijd.14475","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ijd.14475","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/ijd.14475","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ijd.14475","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,8]],"date-time":"2023-09-08T18:46:00Z","timestamp":1694198760000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ijd.14475"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,12]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ijd.14475"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ijd.14475","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0011-9059","1365-4632"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0011-9059"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1365-4632"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-01-11","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-04-11","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-05-12","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}