{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T17:31:01Z","timestamp":1791912661295,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":101,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,7]],"date-time":"2020-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1578355200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Dapsone (4,4'\u2010diaminodiphenylsulfone) is the only remaining sulfone used in anthropoid therapeutics and is commercially available as an oral formulation, an inhaled preparation, and a 5% or 7.5% cream. Dapsone has antimicrobial effects stemming from its sulfonamide\u2010like ability to inhibit the synthesis of dihydrofolic acid. It also has anti\u2010inflammatory properties such as inhibiting the production of reactive oxygen species, reducing the effect of eosinophil peroxidase on mast cells and down\u2010regulating neutrophil\u2010mediated inflammatory responses. This allows for its use in the treatment of a wide variety of inflammatory and infectious skin conditions. Currently in dermatology, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)\u2010approved indications for dapsone are leprosy, dermatitis herpetiformis, and acne vulgaris. However, it proved itself as an adjunctive therapeutic agent to many other skin disorders. In this review, we discuss existing evidence on the mechanisms of action of dapsone, its FDA\u2010approved indications, off\u2010label uses, and side effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.14761","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,7]],"date-time":"2020-01-07T06:57:28Z","timestamp":1578380248000},"page":"787-795","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":91,"title":["Update on the use of dapsone in dermatology"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6160-1801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nohra","family":"Ghaoui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine American University of Beirut Beirut Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edith","family":"Hanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ossama","family":"Abbas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology American University of Beirut Beirut Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdul\u2010Ghani","family":"Kibbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology American University of Beirut Beirut Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mazen","family":"Kurban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology American University of Beirut Beirut Lebanon"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics American University of Beirut Beirut Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"143","article-title":"Sulfone therapy of leprosy. Background, early history and present status","volume":"31","author":"Doull JA","year":"1963","journal-title":"Int J Lepr"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-013-1409-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"2264","article-title":"Derivate desp\u2010Nitrothiophenols","author":"Wittmann J","year":"1908","journal-title":"Eur J Inorg Chem"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)75868-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.62.6.827"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","first-page":"1763","article-title":"Action anti\u2010streptococcique des derives sulfures organiques","volume":"204","author":"Fourneau E","year":"1937","journal-title":"Comptes rendus de l'Acad\u00e9mie des Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","first-page":"209","article-title":"Acerca da accao das sulfamidas e das sulfonas na doenca de Duhring","volume":"8","author":"Esteves J","year":"1950","journal-title":"Trab Soc Portuguesa Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1979.tb03570.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2010.03.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1993.tb00476.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1984.tb04701.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12555654"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.10-2908"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000211346"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(92)90449-S"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1984.tb04634.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","volume-title":"Dapsone","author":"Kurien G","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/14656560903002097"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1111\/ddg.13301","article-title":"Leprosy \u2013 an overview of clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment","volume":"15","author":"Fischer M","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Dtsch Dermatol Ges"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","first-page":"268","article-title":"Severe dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome","volume":"16","author":"Sener O","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2011.03.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S69127"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12788\/j.sder.2016.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","unstructured":"Administration UFaD.Aczone (dapsone topical gel) 5 percent safety; labeling changes approved by FDA center for drug evaluation and research.2016."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/14787210.2015.1040765"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","first-page":"42","article-title":"Activity of dapsone versus community and hospital pathogens from the CANWARD study","volume":"9","author":"Zhanel GG","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Aesthet Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","unstructured":"Allergan Inc.Aczone (dapsone) gel 7.5% for topical use: US prescribing information.2016."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-016-0242-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.12406"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.12142"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2229-5070.190817"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Review of the safety of chlorproguanil\u2010dapsone in the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in Africa: report of a technical consultation convened by WHO Geneva.2005."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0142414"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14194\/ijitd.2.2.3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2016.10.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-015-0516-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09546630600830588"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000329023"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.12765"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000473873"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22692","DOI":"10.5070\/D3205022692","article-title":"Dissecting cellulitis (Perifolliculitis Capitis Abscedens et Suffodiens): a comprehensive review focusing on new treatments and findings of the last decade with commentary comparing the therapies and causes of dissecting cellulitis to hidradenitis suppurativa","volume":"20","author":"Scheinfeld N","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dermatol Online J"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18773\/austprescr.2018.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","first-page":"602","article-title":"Dapsone gel in the treatment of papulopustular rosacea: a double\u2010blind randomized clinical trial","volume":"14","author":"Faghihi G","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","first-page":"48","article-title":"Management of periocular granuloma annulare using topical dapsone","volume":"8","author":"Kassardjian M","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Aesthet Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.12976"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annder.2011.02.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.12496"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.2013.148"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_50_1","first-page":"23","article-title":"Dapsone as an alternative therapy in children with familial Mediterranean fever","volume":"22","author":"Salehzadeh F","year":"2012","journal-title":"Iran J Pediatr"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.2010.03941.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2011.05451.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.06.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_54_1","first-page":"1058","article-title":"Efficacy of systemic dapsone treatment for pyoderma gangrenosum: a retrospective review","volume":"17","author":"Din RS","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.14350"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.13706"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.2001.tb00140.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0365-05962010000600020"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000431171"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_60_1","first-page":"177","article-title":"Erosive pustular dermatosis (chronic atrophic dermatosis of the scalp and extremities)","volume":"6","author":"Semkova K","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2017.2880"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-1162"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2011.10.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.1992.tb00171.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-013-2384-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000004974"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2016.12.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000448028"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/11310740-000000000-00000"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/abd1806-4841.20153408"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.144.1.25"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2011.06.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_73_1","first-page":"71","article-title":"Urticarial lesions in a pregnant woman","volume":"26","author":"Santos\u2010Alarcon S","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Dermatovener CR"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_74_1","first-page":"291256","article-title":"Pemphigus foliaceus in an 11\u2010year\u2010old mexican girl with response to oral dapsone","volume":"2013","author":"Garcia\u2010Melendez ME","year":"2013","journal-title":"Case Rep Pediatr"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cup.12793"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/abd1806-4841.20142679"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2017.10.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1684\/ejd.2015.2517"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2011.05277.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5154.160534"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5021\/ad.2011.23.S3.S310"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S89483"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5154.127684"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1971.04000150032004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2001.114733"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(87)80738-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5045\/br.2017.52.2.77"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-017-0626-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2017.6484"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gku1166"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2017.11.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00128071-200506020-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1005078107"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_94_1","first-page":"771","article-title":"Decreased beta\u2010amyloid and increased abnormal Tau deposition in the brain of aged patients with leprosy","volume":"145","author":"Chui DH","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm889"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1078155217722048"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1078155214524085"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-110-8-606"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365540903140691"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1076029611418963"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archdermatol.2009.186"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32835adde8"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fijd.14761","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ijd.14761","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/ijd.14761","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ijd.14761","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,5]],"date-time":"2023-09-05T23:15:49Z","timestamp":1693955749000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ijd.14761"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,7]]},"references-count":101,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ijd.14761"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ijd.14761","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0011-9059","1365-4632"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0011-9059","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-4632","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-06-22","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-12-02","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-01-07","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}