{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T11:18:14Z","timestamp":1792063094174,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,3]],"date-time":"2020-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580688000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Actinic keratosis (AK) is a very common skin disease caused by chronic sun damage, which in 75% of cases arises on chronically sun\u2010exposed areas, such as face, scalp, neck, hands, and forearms. AKs must be considered an early squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) for their probable progression into invasive SCC. For this reason, all AK should be treated, and clinical follow\u2010up is recommended. The aims of treatment are: (i) to clinically eradicate evident and subclinical lesions, (ii) to prevent their evolution into SCC, and (iii) to reduce the number of relapses. Among available treatments, it is possible to distinguish\n                    <jats:italic>lesion\u2010directed therapies<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>field\u2010directed therapies<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Lesion\u2010directed treatments include: (i) cryotherapy; (ii) laser therapy; (iii) surgery; and (iv) curettage. Whereas, field\u2010directed treatments are: (i) 5\u2010fluorouracil (5\u2010FU); (ii) diclofenac 3% gel; (iii) chemical peeling; (iv) imiquimod; and (v) photodynamic therapy (PDT). Prevention plays an important role in the treatment of AKs, and it is based on the continuous use of sunscreen and protective clothing. This review shows different types of available treatments and describes the characteristics and benefits of each medication, underlining the best choice.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.14767","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,3]],"date-time":"2020-02-03T15:04:14Z","timestamp":1580742254000},"page":"677-684","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":86,"title":["Current therapies for actinic keratosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Caterina","family":"Dianzani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Cosmetic Surgery Campus Bio\u2010Medico University Hospital Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudio","family":"Conforti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Maggiore Hospital University of Trieste Trieste 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