{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T11:53:20Z","timestamp":1790337200217,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,12]],"date-time":"2020-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1581465600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Recent studies highlight that high levels of cytokines may precede the onset of many systemic autoimmune disorders and may also be related to chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) activity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eight patients with CSU candidate to omalizumab therapy were enrolled. Four healthy controls were included with the purpose of comparing baseline cytokine levels. We evaluated serum levels of IFN\u2010\u03b3, IL\u20102, 4, 6, 8, and 10, TNF\u2010\u03b1, and GM\u2010CSF. For the patient group, venous blood samples were drawn at T0, T1 (1\u00a0week after first drug administration), T2 (after 3\u00a0months), T3 (after 6\u00a0months), and in case of relapse. Cytokine levels were measured using the human cytokines 8\u2010plex kit. Disease activity and effect of therapy were calculated by means of Urticaria Activity Score 7.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Higher levels of IL\u20106 and IFN\u2010\u03b3 were found in patients with CSU compared to those observed in the control group. Moreover, a common trend between these cytokines and the clinical history of disease could be hypothesized, with a decrease in levels of IFN\u2010\u03b3 and IL\u20106 following remission of CSU with omalizumab treatment. Levels of other tested cytokines were similar between patients and healthy subjects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>IFN\u2010\u03b3 and IL\u20106 are proinflammatory cytokines that are strongly related to autoimmunity. Despite being limited by the small sample size, our data offer new insight into a better understanding of the pathogenesis of CSU and support the need for further investigations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.14812","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,12]],"date-time":"2020-02-12T12:07:42Z","timestamp":1581509262000},"page":"590-594","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["IFN\u2010\u03b3\/IL\u20106 and related cytokines in chronic spontaneous urticaria: evaluation of their pathogenetic role and changes during omalizumab therapy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Teresa","family":"Grieco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatologic Clinic Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Porzia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Medicine Department La Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3032-2217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Paolino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatologic Clinic Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy"},{"name":"Unit of Dermatology IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camilla","family":"Chello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatologic Clinic Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1985-0326","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alvise","family":"Sernicola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatologic Clinic Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Faina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatologic Clinic Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giorgia","family":"Carnicelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatologic Clinic Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Moliterni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatologic Clinic Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Mainiero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Medicine Department La Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13601-015-0072-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13397"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.waojou.2019.100011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","unstructured":"Bio\u2010Plex ProTMHuman Cytokine 8\u2010plex Assay #M50000007A[Internet].2019; 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