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The initial diagnostic workup, predicated upon imaging and tissue biopsies, is frequently nonspecific. A definitive diagnosis is usually rendered only after surgical excision and histologic examination of the cervicofacial mass. We propose a classification of three stages: localized infection without sinus involvement, localized infection with sinus involvement, and disseminated infection, to facilitate recognition, diagnosis, and early aggressive treatment. Untreated infection may be life\u2010threatening. Therapy may require long\u2010term antibiotics; however, many cases may also necessitate complete surgical excision.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.14833","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,12]],"date-time":"2020-03-12T06:00:51Z","timestamp":1583992851000},"page":"1185-1190","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Cervicofacial actinomycosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7312-8297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katrice M.","family":"Karanfilian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Rutgers New Jersey Medical School Newark NJ USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica N.","family":"Valentin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Rutgers New Jersey Medical School Newark NJ 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