{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T05:55:14Z","timestamp":1790661314523,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,18]],"date-time":"2020-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592438400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Vitiligo is a depigmentary skin disfigurement resulting from destruction of melanocytes caused by a possible malfunctioning immunity. This destruction could be linked to an aberrant T\u2010cell\u2013mediated immune response. Cytotoxic T\u2010lymphocyte\u2013associated antigen\u20104 (CTLA\u20104) and programmed death\u20101 (PD\u20101) are immune checkpoints capable of downregulating T\u2010cell immune functions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the pattern of expression of PD\u20101 and CTLA\u20104 in active vitiligo skin.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty nonsegmental vitiligo (NSV) patients had been included in this pilot study. Marginal, lesional, and nonlesional skin biopsies were obtained. PD\u20101 and CTLA\u20104 immunohistochemistry expression in the mononuclear inflammatory infiltrates were evaluated using digital images.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The marginal and lesional inflammatory infiltrates were significantly abundant when compared to nonlesional ones. The marginal infiltrates were significantly abundant when compared to the lesional ones. PD\u20101 and CTLA\u20104 were significantly expressed in the marginal and lesional infiltrates when compared to nonlesional skin. Moreover, the marginal expression of PD\u20101 was significantly higher than the lesional expression. However, no similar significant difference in CTLA\u20104 expression was found between the marginal and lesional infiltrates. Significant positive correlations were found between the expressions of PD\u20101 and CTLA\u20104 in marginal and lesional infiltrates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Programmed death\u20101 and CTLA\u20104 are expressed within the inflammatory infiltrate of active NSV. Further studies are required to confirm their significance in the development or limitation of the disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.14983","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,18]],"date-time":"2020-06-18T13:47:10Z","timestamp":1592488030000},"page":"982-988","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Expression of immune checkpoints in active nonsegmental vitiligo: a pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Sherif S.","family":"Awad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Venereology Faculty of Medicine Minia University Minia Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0225-0874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed A.","family":"Touni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Venereology Faculty of Medicine Minia University Minia Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manal Y.","family":"Gabril","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology and Laboratory Medicine London Health Sciences Centre Schulich School of Medicine &amp; Dentistry Western University London ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.11.061"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0625.2007.00666.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pcmr.12105"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaa8172"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/COC.0000000000000239"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.26.021607.090331"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80480-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1202947"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.13069"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.EWX.0000438130.76693.71"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5826\/dpc.0404a18"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.12034"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","first-page":"1219","article-title":"Presence of T cells and macrophages in inflammatory vitiligo skin parallels melanocyte disappearance","volume":"148","author":"Le Poole IC","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.3780138"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.12160"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1679"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2035"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.13511"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-19407-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-148X.2009.00543.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40425-015-0094-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-148X.2010.00688.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2008.00662.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2009.32"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fijd.14983","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ijd.14983","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/ijd.14983","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ijd.14983","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,5]],"date-time":"2023-09-05T21:08:06Z","timestamp":1693948086000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ijd.14983"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,18]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ijd.14983"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ijd.14983","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0011-9059","1365-4632"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0011-9059","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-4632","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-12-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-05-05","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-06-18","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}