{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T15:26:18Z","timestamp":1791300378385,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,12]],"date-time":"2020-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605139200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hydroxyurea (HU) is known to cause a broad spectrum of cutaneous side effects, ranging from relatively benign to severe. Although dermatologists are often consulted for the treatment of these side effects, a comprehensive resource discussing the different types and their management is lacking. In this study, we conducted a literature search in order to critically evaluate the reported types and management of hydroxyurea's cutaneous side effects, as well as review its mechanism of action, dermatologic uses, and common systemic side effects. Relatively common and benign side effects include hyperpigmentation, xerosis, and skin atrophy. While serious cutaneous side effects such as leg ulcers or nonmelanoma skin cancers occur in a substantial proportion of patients, these may resolve with HU discontinuation and proper dermatologic management. Therefore, it is crucial for dermatologists to be aware of these various cutaneous side effects and their management as prompt diagnosis and proper treatment will improve patient outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.15302","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,12]],"date-time":"2020-11-12T13:46:35Z","timestamp":1605188795000},"page":"810-817","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Hydroxyurea: a reappraisal of its cutaneous side effects and their management"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Camille A.","family":"Bulte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology University of Maryland Medical Center Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karl M.","family":"Hoegler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology University of Maryland Medical Center Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00d6mer","family":"Kutlu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Venereology School of Medicine U\u015fak University U\u015fak Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1622-1097","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amor","family":"Khachemoune","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brooklyn Campus of the VA NY Harbor Healthcare System Brooklyn NY USA"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology SUNY Downstate Brooklyn NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(91)70233-R"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3889\/oamjms.2018.320"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/14740338.2015.1088827"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Mechanism of action of hydroxyurea","volume":"19","author":"Yarbro JW","year":"1992","journal-title":"Semin Oncol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0307-6938.2001.00947.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2009.03.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.02.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/247553031117a00302"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2009.09.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0b013e31815d108c"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2001.113471"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1975.01630140041002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2001.00782.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.23160"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","first-page":"467","article-title":"Cutaneous adverse reactions to hydroxyurea with sickle cell disease","volume":"137","author":"Chaine B","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0248-8663(00)87226-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","article-title":"Longitudinal melanonychia on multiple nails induced by hydroxyurea","volume":"2017","author":"Nguyen AL","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5070\/D32510045820"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/b18330"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.26194"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","first-page":"919","article-title":"Multiple skin and mouth squamous cell carcinomas related to long\u2010term treatment with Hydroxyurea","volume":"128","author":"Est\u00e8ve E","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.2004.01586.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtv.2013.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2010.08430.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5021\/ad.2009.21.1.39"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-4362.2002.01623.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","first-page":"1053","article-title":"A case of hydroxyurea\u2010induced leg ulcer after definitive treatment suspension in a patient affected by thrombocythemia: effectiveness of a new collagenase","volume":"26","author":"Fioramonti P","year":"2012","journal-title":"In Vivo"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hemonc.2014.09.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1995.tb02677.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archdermatol.2010.11"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","first-page":"876","article-title":"Dermatomyositis\u2010like eruption associated with hydroxyurea therapy: a premalignant condition?","volume":"105","author":"Unamuno\u2010Bustos B","year":"2014","journal-title":"Actas Dermosifiliogr"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(97)70276-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2003.11.059"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00105-008-1673-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000247631"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-2918(08)80057-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.07.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.13616"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","first-page":"268","article-title":"Association of cutaneous side\u2010effects of hydroxyurea and neuroendocrine carcinoma","volume":"15","author":"Bouldouyre MA","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-2292"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdcr.2017.06.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.1999.tb03510.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ced.12708"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1994.tb13129.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pde.13018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.2011.04326.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2011.04202.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000041071"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","first-page":"447","volume-title":"Neurologic Complications of Cancer","author":"DeAngelis LM","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-006-9107-4"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ijd.15302","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/ijd.15302","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ijd.15302","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,27]],"date-time":"2023-08-27T07:58:30Z","timestamp":1693123110000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ijd.15302"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,12]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ijd.15302"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ijd.15302","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0011-9059","1365-4632"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0011-9059","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-4632","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-07-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-10-15","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-11-12","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}