{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T23:11:58Z","timestamp":1775603518812,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,18]],"date-time":"2021-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621296000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune skin disease characterized by abnormal levels of several cytokines, such as interferon alpha (IFN\u2010\u03b1) and tumor necrosis factor\u2010alpha (TNF\u2010\u03b1), which are T\u2010helper type 1 cytokines that have important roles in the pathogenesis of AA. The aim of our study was to correlate circulating IFN\u2010\u03b1 and TNF\u2010\u03b1 levels with disease severity, activity, and clinical type in patients with AA and to evaluate the relationship between the two cytokines.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We investigated serum IFN\u2010\u03b1 and TNF\u2010\u03b1 levels in 72 patients with AA (35 children and 35 adults) and 75 healthy control individuals (34 children and 41 adults) using the enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. We evaluated AA severity using the Severity of Alopecia Tool (SALT) and determined the activity based on dermoscopic criteria of disease activity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Serum IFN\u2010\u03b1 and TNF\u2010\u03b1 concentrations were significantly higher in the patients than in the controls. There was a significant positive correlation between serum IFN\u2010\u03b1 and TNF\u2010\u03b1 levels in all patients with alopecia areata, as well as between serum TNF\u2010\u03b1 levels and disease severity in all patients and in children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results support the association between IFN\u2010\u03b1 and TNF\u2010\u03b1 levels and AA and suggest that TNF\u2010\u03b1 might be related to disease severity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.15658","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,19]],"date-time":"2021-05-19T05:36:57Z","timestamp":1621402617000},"page":"1397-1404","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["IFN\u2010\u03b1 and TNF\u2010\u03b1 serum levels and their association with disease severity in Egyptian children and adults with alopecia areata"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7121-5971","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shaimaa I.","family":"Omar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology Faculty of Medicine Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ashraf M.","family":"Hamza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology Faculty of Medicine Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nermeen","family":"Eldabah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology Faculty of Medicine Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Doaa A.","family":"Habiba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology Faculty of Medicine Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2018.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.04.1141"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.08.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.12970"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.12932"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1684\/ejd.2010.0816"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.14129"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/43.1.7822763"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/1043-4666(90)90045-U"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20050500"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000065841"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0b013e32818b27e5"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1872-034X.2012.01036.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2010.09775.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/36.7.1269"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0408506102"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.88.3.F209"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","first-page":"169","article-title":"Evaluation of cytokine serum levels in patients with plaque\u2010type psoriasis","volume":"25","author":"Roussaki\u2010Schulze A","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pharmacol Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2003.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2011.05291.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.12004"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2310\/7750.2008.07095"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/abd1806-4841.20153084"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5154.87124"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03193146"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.2009.03523.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2003.09.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.18008"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.14775"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0022-202X.2004.23580.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.12489"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alit.2019.07.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.1996.d01-1099.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02505825"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000162180"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annder.2011.01.047"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.2008.03127.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2014.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2014.1544"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09546634.2015.1093591"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.12808"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_43_1","first-page":"37","article-title":"Alopecia areata: a review","volume":"17","author":"Amin SS","year":"2013","journal-title":"JSSDDS"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2014.10.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2008.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_46_1","first-page":"863","article-title":"Alopecia areata triggered or exacerbated by swine flu virus infection","volume":"10","author":"Taisuke I","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12365508"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3164.2008.00692.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-014-2846-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pde.12849"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ijd.15658","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/ijd.15658","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ijd.15658","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]],"date-time":"2023-08-29T16:24:30Z","timestamp":1693326270000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ijd.15658"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,18]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ijd.15658"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ijd.15658","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0011-9059","1365-4632"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0011-9059","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-4632","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-12-08","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-04-20","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-05-18","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}