{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T05:56:37Z","timestamp":1768974997134,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,19]],"date-time":"2021-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632009600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted an integrative review on oral manifestations in patients with COVID\u201019 based on the current available literature evidence. A bibliographic search was carried out on March 11, 2021, among published studies in the years 2019\u20132021 in the PubMed database and based on the search strategy (\u201cCOVID\u201019\u201d AND \u201coral lesions\u201d OR \u201coral mucositis\u201d OR \u201coral manifestation\u201d). After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 29 articles were considered suitable for this review. A total of 110 cases of patients with COVID\u201019 who had oral manifestations were reported. The presence of ulcerated lesions was the most common finding, having a herpetiform and aphthous clinical pattern observed in most cases. Macules, petechiae, hemorrhagic blisters, pustular enanthem, mucositis, and halitosis were also among the most frequently described oral manifestations. The tongue was the most commonly affected site, followed by the palate and lip. Most of the reported cases were diagnosed only by the clinical aspect of the lesion associated with a positive SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 test or the presence of other COVID\u201019 symptoms. Current scientific evidence still could not affirm that most of the oral lesions observed in patients with COVID\u201019 are related to the virus's direct or indirect action on the oral mucosa. To confirm this association, prospective and longitudinal studies are further needed, together with a larger number of patients, complemented by histopathological examination of these lesions. Additionally, molecular techniques, such as immunohistochemistry and in\u2009situ hybridization, may be necessary to perform the differential diagnosis with other oral lesions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.15881","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,20]],"date-time":"2021-09-20T06:30:57Z","timestamp":1632119457000},"page":"278-290","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["An integrative review of oral manifestations in patients with COVID\u201019: signs directly related to SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection or secondary findings?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Vanessa Paiva","family":"Reis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Maxillofacial Surgery and Traumatology Service Military Police Polyclinic of Cascadura (Policl\u00ednica da Pol\u00edcia Militar de Cascadura) Rio de Janeiro State Military Police Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adriana Raymundo","family":"Bezerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Maxillofacial Surgery and Traumatology Service Military Police Central Dental Clinic (Odontocl\u00ednica Central da Pol\u00edcia Militar) Rio de Janeiro State Military Police Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adriane Batista Pires","family":"Maia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Maxillofacial Surgery and Traumatology Service Military Police Central Hospital (Hospital Central da Pol\u00edcia Militar) Rio de Janeiro State Military Police Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Let\u00edcia C\u00f4go","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dentistry Sector Healthcare and Social Assistance Section\u2009of The Universidade Federal do Esp\u00edrito Santo (UFES) Vit\u00f3ria Brazil"},{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Pathology School of Medicine Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF) Niter\u00f3i Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Danielle Castex","family":"Conde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Pathology School of Medicine Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF) Niter\u00f3i Brazil"},{"name":"Oral Maxillofacial Surgery and Traumatology Service and Anatomical Pathology Service Military Police Central Hospital (Hospital Central da Pol\u00edcia Militar) Rio de Janeiro State Military Police Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","unstructured":"CDC.Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID\u201019) \u2013 Symptoms.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention;2021. Available from:www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019\u2010ncov\/symptoms\u2010testing\/symptoms.html. Accessed March 10 2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","unstructured":"ANVISA.Nota t\u00e9cnica GVIMS\/GGTES\/ANVISA No 07\/2020. Orienta\u00e7\u00f5es para preven\u00e7\u00e3o e vigil\u00e2ncia epidemiol\u00f3gica das infec\u00e7\u00f5es por SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 (COVID\u201019) dentro dos servi\u00e7os de sa\u00fade.Ag\u00eancia Nacional de Vigil\u00e2ncia Sanit\u00e1ria \u2010 Anvisa;2020. Available from:https:\/\/www.gov.br\/anvisa\/pt\u2010br\/pagina\u2010inicial. Accessed March 10 2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.05.073"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.16387"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.13528"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2020.07.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.13465"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","first-page":"16596","article-title":"Oral symptoms and lesions in SARS\u2010CoV\u20102\u2010positive patient","volume":"9","author":"Glavina A","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oral Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ced.14281"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2020.2550"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.13382"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.13570"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.26221"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.13462"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.15004"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.08.071"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","first-page":"9151","article-title":"Short report \u2010 herpes simplex lesion in the lip semimucosa in a COVID\u201019 patient","volume":"24","author":"Kitakawa D","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.15047"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/scd.12520"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.13635"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.13555"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","first-page":"6","article-title":"Oral vesiculobullous lesions as an early sign of COVID\u201019: immunohistochemical detection of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 spike protein","volume":"184","author":"Soares CD","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ors.12561"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/scd.12547"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.13746"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.14479"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41368-020-0074-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41368-020-0074-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109789"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.13371"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/s1679-45082010rw1134"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.13896"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.06.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/mbcb\/2020011"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_37_1","first-page":"563","article-title":"Letter to Editor: oral lesions in a patient with Covid\u201019","volume":"25","author":"Soares CD","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ced.14402"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.15158"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.13705"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.13797"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.2007.00586.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.13498"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.13499"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1309\/AKWHF62YYJ054HA6"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03256439"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/14737159.4.4.443"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2007.06.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.13359"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cden.2013.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.19163"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cden.2013.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2007.07.202"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2020.03.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_55_1","volume-title":"StatPearls","author":"Tungare S","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5357\/koubyou.73.26"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1807-3107bor-2018.vol32.0092"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cden.2018.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2020.102721"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cden.2015.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2019.12.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-017-0268-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fdj.2017.04.002"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ijd.15881","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/ijd.15881","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ijd.15881","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]],"date-time":"2023-08-28T08:32:10Z","timestamp":1693211530000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ijd.15881"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,19]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ijd.15881"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ijd.15881","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0011-9059","1365-4632"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0011-9059","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-4632","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-04-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-08-12","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-09-19","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}