{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T16:05:40Z","timestamp":1772294740845,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,9]],"date-time":"2021-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639008000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Terbinafine and itraconazole are the most commonly used oral antifungals to treat onychomycosis and superficial dermatomycoses. Recently, poor response to oral terbinafine has been reported. We have summarized the most appropriate dosing regimens of posaconazole, fosravuconazole, voriconazole, and oteseconazole (VT\u20101161) to treat onychomycosis and superficial fungal infections. A structured search on PubMed and Google Scholar was conducted. Additionally, the bibliographies of selected articles were searched to identify relevant records. The number of records identified from the searches was 463, with 50 articles meeting the inclusion criteria for review. None of the new azoles are US FDA approved for onychomycosis treatment; however, an increasing number of studies have evaluated these agents. The efficacies (complete cure and mycologic cure) of the antifungal agents for dermatophyte great toenail onychomycosis treatment are terbinafine 250\u2009mg\/day\u2009\u00d7\u200912\u2009weeks (Phase III trial) (38%, 70%), itraconazole 200\u2009mg\/day\u2009\u00d7\u200912\u2009weeks (Phase III trial) (14%, 54%), posaconazole 200\u2009mg\/day\u2009\u00d7\u200924\u2009weeks (Phase IIB) (54.1%, 70.3%), fosravuconazole 100\u2009mg\/day ravuconazole equivalent\u2009\u00d7\u200912\u2009weeks (Phase III) (59.4%, 82.0%), and oteseconazole 300\u2009mg\/day loading dose\u2009\u00d7\u20092\u2009weeks (Phase II), followed by 300\u2009mg\/week\u2009\u00d7\u200910\u2009weeks (maintenance dose) (45%, 70%). Guidelines for monitoring are also presented.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.15999","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,9]],"date-time":"2021-12-09T15:55:54Z","timestamp":1639065354000},"page":"1431-1441","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Review of the alternative therapies for onychomycosis and superficial fungal infections: posaconazole, fosravuconazole, voriconazole, oteseconazole"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8664-7723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aditya K.","family":"Gupta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Dermatology Department of Medicine University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Mediprobe Research Inc  London Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mesbah","family":"Talukder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mediprobe Research Inc  London Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maanasa","family":"Venkataraman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mediprobe Research Inc  London Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(97)80215-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2000.104794"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1997.03890450124022"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2000.107754"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.16394"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","unstructured":"Penlac\u00aeNail Lacquer (ciclopirox) Topical Solution 8% 2004.https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/label\/2004\/21022s004lbl.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","unstructured":"Highlights of Prescribing Information JUBLIA\u00ae(Efinaconazole) Topical Solution 2020.https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/label\/2020\/203567s009lbl.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","unstructured":"Highlights of Prescribing Information KERYDIN\u00ae(Tavaborole) Topical Solution 2018.https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/label\/2018\/204427s006lbl.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(97)70275-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/120347540100500303"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-199855050-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","first-page":"2843","volume-title":"Kucers\u2019 The Use of Antibiotics","author":"Farowski F","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","first-page":"2823","volume-title":"Kucers\u2019 The Use of Antibiotics","author":"Neely M","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","first-page":"2876","volume-title":"Kucers\u2019 The Use of Antibiotics","author":"Ramos\u2010Mart\u00edn V","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.03707-14"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.12.4.501"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(08)81495-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/14787210.2013.826989"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","unstructured":"Highlights of Prescribing Information Noxafil\u00ae (posaconazole) 2021.https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/label\/2015\/022003s018s020 0205053s002s004 0205596s001s003lbl.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01616-09"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2011.10660.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2014.2154"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al\u2010HatmiAM BonifazA Calder\u00f3nL et\u00a0al.Proximal Subungual Onychomycosis Caused by Fusarium Falciforme Successfully Cured with Posaconazole. Phylogeny Diagnostics and Antifungal Susceptibility of Clinically Relevant Fusarium Species.2015:179.","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.13589"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of voriconazole in the treatment failure cases of Dermatophytosis","volume":"27","author":"Khondker L","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gulf J Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","unstructured":"Highlights of Prescribing Information VFEND\u00ae(Voriconazole) 2021.https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/label\/2015\/021266s038 021267s047 021630s028lbl.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1684\/ejd.2011.1616"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0091270004271402"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1254\/fpj.153.79"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","unstructured":"National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 9807507 Fosravuconazole.https:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/compound\/Fosravuconazole"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","volume-title":"Press Release on Oral Antifungal Agent Nailin\u00ae Capsules (Fosravuconazole L\u2010Lysine Ethanolate)"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13693780410001731583"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.14607"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","volume-title":"Kusuri\u2010no\u2010Shiori (Drug Information Sheet) on NAILIN Capsules 100 mg"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.19224"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2005.01212.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.1.385-388.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.14014"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00899-12"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","unstructured":"StoneS.Antifungals: Treatment Chart\u00a02021.https:\/\/www.rxfiles.ca\/RxFiles\/uploads\/documents\/members\/cht\u2010antifungal.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1204"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"GuptaAK VersteegSG.Future Treatments for Onychomycosis. Onychomycosis: Diagnosis and Effective Management 2018:173.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119226512.ch20"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00185-15"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.04902-14"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_45_1","first-page":"2870","volume-title":"Kucers\u2019 The Use of Antibiotics","author":"Chang CC","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.44.5.1740-1743.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a019752"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-020-00580-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijd.IJD_131_17"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_50_1","unstructured":"SPORANOX\u00ae(Itraconazole) Capsules (FDA Label) 2019.https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/label\/2019\/020083s063lbl.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_51_1","unstructured":"Highlights of Prescribing Information LAMISIL (Terbinafine Hydrochloride) Tablets for Oral Use 2019.https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/label\/2019\/020539s033lbl.pdf"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ijd.15999","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/ijd.15999","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ijd.15999","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]],"date-time":"2023-08-22T06:22:34Z","timestamp":1692685354000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ijd.15999"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,9]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ijd.15999"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ijd.15999","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0011-9059","1365-4632"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0011-9059","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-4632","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-09-10","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-11-10","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-12-09","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}