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The aim of this systematic review is to provide an overview of the lipid composition and ethnic differences of human hair, effects of external damage on lipid content and properties, and changes in hair lipid composition associated with disease states. PubMed\/MEDLINE was searched up to March 2021 according to PRISMA guidelines for articles discussing the lipid content of human hair and effects of physical, chemical, or environmental damage, and disease. Fifty\u2010nine articles investigating the lipid content of hair were included for review. Lipids affect fluid permeability, hydration, strength, and texture of ethnic hair fibers. Lipid loss is accelerated by hair\u2010damaging treatments such as bleach, dye, perm, straightening, and surfactant use, and sun and aging processes, leading to dehydrated, breakable, disordered, and dull hair. Diseases including acne, alopecia, and breast, gastric, prostate, lung, and rectal cancers display elevated hair lipid levels. Lipids are vital in protection against damage and maintenance of healthy hair. Further studies are needed to investigate the effects of lipids on the structural properties of ethnic hair, and changes in hair lipid composition with various dermatologic and systemic diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.16109","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,26]],"date-time":"2022-02-26T14:39:00Z","timestamp":1645886340000},"page":"404-415","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["A systematic review on the lipid composition of human hair"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"David A.","family":"Csuka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology University of California, Irvine  Irvine CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ella A.","family":"Csuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology University of California, Irvine  Irvine CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margit L. 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