{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T08:47:38Z","timestamp":1778662058810,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,22]],"date-time":"2023-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684713600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Facial erythema in rosacea is a troublesome embarrassing presentation with limited options of treatment. Daily brimonidine gel was shown to be an effective modality of treatment. Being unavailable in Egypt and the scarcity of objective evaluation of its therapeutic effect motivated the search for other alternatives.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the use and effectiveness of topical brimonidine eye drops for the management of facial erythema in rosacea with the aid of objective assessment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study was conducted on 10 rosacea patients presented with facial erythema. Brimonidine tartrate eye drops 0.2% were applied twice daily for 3\u2009months on areas of red facial skin. Punch biopsies were obtained before and after 3\u2009months of treatment. Routine hematoxylin and eosin (H&amp;E) staining as well as CD34 immunohistochemical staining were performed for all biopsies. Sections were examined to detect the changes in the count and the surface area of blood vessels.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Evaluation of clinical results showed good improvement of facial redness at the end of treatment (55\u201375%). Only 10% of subjects expressed rebound erythema. H&amp;E and CD34 stained sections showed an increased count of dilated dermal blood vessels, which decreased significantly after treatment in count and surface area (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.005, and <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.004, respectively).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Topical brimonidine eye drops proved to be effective in managing facial erythema in rosacea, providing an available and cheaper alternative to brimonidine gel. The study improved the subjective evaluation in the context of objective assessment of treatment efficacy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.16717","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,22]],"date-time":"2023-05-22T13:05:13Z","timestamp":1684760713000},"page":"888-894","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Topical brimonidine for the management of facial erythema in rosacea: a histological, histometric, and immunohistochemical study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8921-2442","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moetaz","family":"El\u2010Domyati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, STDs and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine Minia University  Minia Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5015-6535","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed F.","family":"Rezk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, STDs and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine Minia University  Minia Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ghada","family":"Nasif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, STDs and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine Minia University  Minia Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samah S.","family":"Abdelhameed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, STDs and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine Minia University  Minia Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Walid","family":"Medhat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, STDs and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine Minia University  Minia Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.07.001"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","first-page":"277","article-title":"Consensus recommendations from the American Acne & Rosacea Society on the management of rosacea, part 2: a status report on topical agents","volume":"92","author":"Del Rosso JQ","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.12385"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","first-page":"694","article-title":"Why is rosacea considered to be an inflammatory disorder? 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