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The present study aimed to isolate fungal agents that cause onychomycosis in immunocompetent patients and evaluate how LASER treatments affect the growth and ultrastructure of isolates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In total, 21 patients with positive direct microscopic examination (DME) for onychomycosis had nail samples collected for cultivation and phenotypic identification of microorganisms. From these patients, 12 underwent LASER treatment, divided in Group 1 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20095) treated with Nd: YAG 1,064\u2009nm, and Group 2 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20097) treated with Nd: YAG 1,064\u2009nm\u2009+\u2009Er: YAG 2,940\u2009nm\u2009+\u2009topical isoconazole. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) was performed to evaluate ultrastructural changes after treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>DME, cultivation, and phenotypic identification showed that the most identified fungus was <jats:italic>Trichophyton rubrum<\/jats:italic> spp. After LASER therapy, sample cultivation showed alterations in the fungal morphology with reduction of hyphae, conidia, and reproductive structures. Alterations in fungal cell wall structure, cytoplasm density, and organelles were observed by TEM.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>LASER irradiation causes changes in the fungal cells, especially in the number of hyphae and the presence of conidia. In addition, it affects fungal growth and reproduction capacity, which interferes with their infection ability and virulence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.16919","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]],"date-time":"2023-12-04T04:24:17Z","timestamp":1701663857000},"page":"217-223","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Morphological and ultrastructural changes in fungal agents after LASER application"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Fernanda A. 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B.","family":"de Moura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Dermatologia Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo, EPM\u2010UNIFESP  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Domingos J.","family":"Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Dermatologia Hospital Heli\u00f3polis do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo SP  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samira","family":"Yarak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Dermatologia Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo, EPM\u2010UNIFESP  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zoilo P.","family":"de Camargo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia Escola Paulista de Medicina\u2010Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo, EPM\u2010UNIFESP  S\u00e3o Paulo 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