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In this review, we describe the intricate relationship between the skin microbiome and the pathogenesis of SD, focusing on the complex interplay between three major groups of organisms that can either induce inflammation (<jats:italic>Malassezia<\/jats:italic> spp., <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>) or else promote healthy skin (<jats:italic>Propionibacterium<\/jats:italic> spp.). We describe how the disequilibrium of these microorganisms in the skin microbiome can develop skin inflammation in SD patients. Understanding these complex interactions of the skin microbiome has led to development of novel probiotics (e.g., <jats:italic>Vitreoscilla<\/jats:italic> spp. and <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic> spp.) to restore normal skin physiology in SD. There are also differences in the skin microbiomes of healthy and SD infant and adult patients that impact pathogenesis and prompt different management strategies. A deeper understanding of the skin microbiome and its dynamic interactions will provide valuable insights into the pathogenesis of SD and prompt further development of targeted probiotic treatments to restore the balance of the skin microbiome in SD patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.17568","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,11]],"date-time":"2024-11-11T12:09:05Z","timestamp":1731326945000},"page":"809-818","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Perturbations in the skin microbiome of infantile and adult seborrheic dermatitis and new treatment options based on restoring a healthy skin microbiome"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"64","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-7708-7082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akira","family":"Vorapreechapanich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune\u2010Mediated Diseases, 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