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Although the pathogenesis of PLCA is multifaceted, emerging evidence highlights the pivotal role of dysregulated cytokines, particularly the members of interleukin\u20106 (IL\u20106) cytokines family in PLCA. Oncostatin M (OSM) mediates keratinocyte proliferation through the STAT5\u2010KLF7 axis upon OSMR\u03b2 engagement. Pathogenic variants in\n                    <jats:italic>OSMR<\/jats:italic>\n                    disrupt receptor dimerization, thereby suppressing signal transduction. These alterations together with cytokine dysregulation concomitantly elevate the expression of AHNAK and suppress that of Bcl\u2010xL, which accelerate keratinocyte differentiation and apoptosis respectively, leading to the thickening of the stratum corneum and amyloid fibril deposition. Furthermore, dysregulated expression of chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein\u20101 (MCP\u20101) by pathogenic variant in\n                    <jats:italic>IL\u201031RA<\/jats:italic>\n                    reduces monocyte\u2010mediated clearance of amyloid fibrils, thereby promoting their pathological retention. The mechanisms of IL\u201031\u2010mediated pruritus remain to be elucidated, given the conflicting observations that while some studies report wider cutaneous innervation in FPLCA patients, others demonstrate opposing results in general lichen amyloidosis patients. This review aims to synthesize recent advances in understanding PLCA pathogenesis with a focus on IL\u201031 and OSM cytokines network dysregulation especially driven by pathogenic variants, and provide critical insights for identifying therapeutic targets and put forward challenges in the future.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\">\n                      <jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mimetype=\"image\/png\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"enlarged-web-image\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/ijd70436-gra-0001-m.png\">\n                        <jats:alt-text>image<\/jats:alt-text>\n                      <\/jats:graphic>\n                    <\/jats:boxed-text>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.70436","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T13:27:20Z","timestamp":1777037240000},"page":"1611-1624","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mechanistic Insights Into\n                    <scp>OSM<\/scp>\n                    and\n                    <scp>IL<\/scp>\n                    \u201031 in Primary Localized Cutaneous Amyloidosis: A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Yi","family":"Teng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu Sichuan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingli","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu Sichuan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu Sichuan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-5670-4154","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaixin","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"West China School of Medicine Sichuan University  Chengdu Sichuan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lunzhi","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu Sichuan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9585-2884","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu Sichuan China"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology &amp; 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