{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T19:05:09Z","timestamp":1792004709724,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784246400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784246400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Dermatology"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Anthropogenic climate change has intensified the frequency of catastrophic flooding, contributing to a complex array of public health challenges. Although acute trauma dominates the initial response, the post\u2010disaster dermatological burden remains an under\u2010reported driver of morbidity. This systematic review characterizes the pathophysiology of flood\u2010associated dermatoses into three clinical categories: water\u2010contact injuries, displacement\u2010related conditions, and environmental aeroallergen\u2010induced exacerbations. We conducted a systematic, mechanistic synthesis of 12 epidemiological studies (including retrospective cohorts, time\u2010series, and case\u2010crossover designs) from the USA, Brazil, France, Pakistan, China, Taiwan, Vietnam, Cambodia, and South Korea. Spanning over 71\u2009million patient encounters, the data were rigorously appraised using JBI Critical Appraisal tools. Analysis reveals three distinct clinical phases. First, in high\u2010resource settings, data indicate no significant increase in\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    infections, although mucosal risks (e.g., leptospirosis,\n                    <jats:italic>Aeromonas<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and chemical irritant dermatitis are observed. Second, flood\u2010associated humidity and wind independently drive acute atopic dermatitis flares (odds ratio [OR] 1.14) and allergic rhinitis, independent of direct water contact. Third, shelter overcrowding drives a delayed surge of communicable infestations (e.g., scabies, pediculosis) approximately 1\u2009week post\u2010disaster. Flood\u2010associated skin conditions are heterogeneous. Preparedness requires moving from non\u2010specific antibiotic prophylaxis to a stratified response involving targeted mucosal monitoring, ectoparasite control in shelters, and anti\u2010inflammatory therapy for atopic populations.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\">\n                      <jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mimetype=\"image\/png\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"enlarged-web-image\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/ijd70562-gra-0001-m.png\">\n                        <jats:alt-text>image<\/jats:alt-text>\n                      <\/jats:graphic>\n                    <\/jats:boxed-text>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.70562","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T16:42:14Z","timestamp":1784306534000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The Dermatologic Burden of Flooding: A Systematic Review of Epidemiology, Clinical Manifestations, and Management in a Warming World"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5743-5900","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jenny Bel\u00e9n","family":"Altamirano\u2010Jara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Sciences Faculty Universidad Internacional SEK del Ecuador  Quito Pichincha Ecuador"},{"name":"Dermatology Department Veris  Quito Pichincha Ecuador"},{"name":"Dermatology Department Skin Center (CEPI)  Quito Pichincha Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5299-2732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaime David","family":"Acosta\u2010Espa\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Sciences Faculty Universidad Internacional SEK del Ecuador  Quito Pichincha Ecuador"},{"name":"Clinical Medicine Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Medical School (FMRP), University of S\u00e3o Paulo  Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Sao Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"Research Group of Emerging and Neglected Diseases, Ecoepidemiology and Biodiversity, Health Sciences Faculty Universidad Internacional SEK (UISEK)  Quito Ecuador"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Para la Salud en Am\u00e9rica Latina (CISeAL) Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Ecuador  Quito Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9002-5807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lysien I.","family":"Zambrano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphological Sciences, School of Medical Sciences Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de Honduras  Tegucigalpa Honduras"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9773-2192","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfonso J.","family":"Rodriguez\u2010Morales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences Universidad Cient\u00edfica del Sur  Lima Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(18)32594\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/IJD.13901"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control \u201cCommunicable Disease Threats Report 13\u201319 September 2025 Week 38 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