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Epidemiologic and genomic studies have provided important insights into the etiology of pediatric melanocytic tumors and the genetic alterations associated with malignant transformation. This review summarizes environmental, host, and genetic factors associated with the development of the major pediatric melanoma subtypes, including Spitz melanoma, low\u2010cumulative solar damage (superficial spreading) melanoma, melanoma arising in congenital melanocytic nevi, and melanoma arising in blue nevi. It also highlights key molecular biomarkers associated with pediatric melanoma and presents a diagnostic approach to atypical pediatric melanocytic tumors that illustrates how molecular data can be integrated into tumor classification.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\">\n                      <jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mimetype=\"image\/png\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"enlarged-web-image\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/ijd70616-gra-0001-m.png\">\n                        <jats:alt-text>image<\/jats:alt-text>\n                      <\/jats:graphic>\n                    <\/jats:boxed-text>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.70616","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T14:35:10Z","timestamp":1790692510000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["What Is Pediatric Melanoma? 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