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As tumor necrosis factor (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content>) is known to play a seminal role in coordinating the humoral immune response, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content> gene polymorphisms have been proposed as genetic risk factors both in obsessive\u2010compulsive disorder (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OCD<\/jats:styled-content>) and Tourette syndrome (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TS<\/jats:styled-content>). The aim of this study was to investigate two <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content> promoter polymorphisms (\u2010238 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">G<\/jats:styled-content>: rs361525 and \u2010308 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">G<\/jats:styled-content>: rs1800629) on the genetic susceptibility to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OCD<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TS<\/jats:styled-content> in a child psychiatric sample (102 patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OCD<\/jats:styled-content> and 117 patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TS<\/jats:styled-content>). In the case\u2013control set\u2010up, the genotype and allele frequencies were compared to a control group from the general population (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0405). As a control child psychiatric sample, 194 children with attention\u2010deficit hyperactivity disorder were also genotyped. Our results revealed that the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content> \u2010308\u00a0G\u2010allele was more frequent in children with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TS<\/jats:styled-content> compared to controls (90.2% vs 84.8%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.037). For confirmation of this genetic association, a family\u2010based analysis, the transmission disequilibrium test was used, which showed preferential transmission of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">G<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010allele to patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TS<\/jats:styled-content> (nominal <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2010value 0.011). Moreover, this allele was also transmitted more frequently to children with tic symptoms (nominal <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2010value 0.039). No association was found between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OCD<\/jats:styled-content> or obsessive\u2010compulsive symptoms and the studied <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content> polymorphisms. Based on these findings, the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content> \u2010308\u00a0G\u2010allele can be associated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>ourette syndrome, highlighting the potential pathophysiological role of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content> dysregulation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/iji.12147","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,26]],"date-time":"2014-09-26T06:26:59Z","timestamp":1411712819000},"page":"493-498","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Association of the tumor necrosis factor \u2010308 <scp>A<\/scp>\/<scp>G<\/scp> promoter polymorphism with <scp>T<\/scp>ourette syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"G.","family":"Keszler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry Semmelweis University Budapest 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