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Congenital <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CMV<\/jats:styled-content> is a leading cause of neurological sequelae, developmental delay and birth defects worldwide. Cytomegalovirus can be transmitted to the foetus following maternal infection or reactivation. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NK<\/jats:styled-content> cells expressing killer\u2010cell immunoglobulin\u2010like receptors (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KIR<\/jats:styled-content>) are part of the innate immune system and the first line of defence against viral incursions. Previous reports have shown that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KIR<\/jats:styled-content> genes are associated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CMV<\/jats:styled-content> infections in the post\u2010transplant setting. In this study, we set out to determine whether a protective effect of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KIR<\/jats:styled-content> genes over <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CMV<\/jats:styled-content> infection is seen in Mexican pregnant women. Cytomegalovirus infection was assessed through nucleic acid testing in 200 pregnant women and 600 healthy blood donors comprising the Mexican mestizo reference population. Killer\u2010cell immunoglobulin\u2010like receptors and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HLA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010C genotypes were obtained from 200 pregnant women and 300 reference samples using a comprehensive <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SSP<\/jats:styled-content> approach. We observed statistically lower carrier frequencies of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">cB<\/jats:styled-content>03|<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">tA<\/jats:styled-content>01 gene\u2010content haplotype, of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">cB<\/jats:styled-content>03 haplotype motif, of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KIR<\/jats:styled-content>2<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DL<\/jats:styled-content>5\u00a0+\u00a02<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DS<\/jats:styled-content>3\/2<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DS<\/jats:styled-content>5 gene pair and of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KIR<\/jats:styled-content>2<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DL<\/jats:styled-content>5 amongst <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CMV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010positive pregnant women in comparison with those <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CMV<\/jats:styled-content> negative. None of these were associated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CMV<\/jats:styled-content> status in the reference population. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the most important factor determining <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CMV<\/jats:styled-content> status during third\u2010trimester pregnancies was the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KIR<\/jats:styled-content>2<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DL<\/jats:styled-content>5\u00a0+\u00a02<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DS<\/jats:styled-content>3\/2<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DS<\/jats:styled-content>5 gene pair (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> 0.376 (95%<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 0.174, 0.811, <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.013). Our results indicate that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CMV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010protective <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KIR<\/jats:styled-content> gene associations described in Caucasoid populations are also present in the genetically distinct Mexican mestizo population. Our results suggest that certain <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KIR<\/jats:styled-content> gene combinations provide protection against <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CMV<\/jats:styled-content> infections occurring during late\u2010term pregnancies, a finding of utmost epidemiological importance given its implication with congenital <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CMV<\/jats:styled-content> infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/iji.12271","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,9]],"date-time":"2016-06-09T09:53:43Z","timestamp":1465466023000},"page":"189-199","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Killer\u2010cell immunoglobulin\u2010like receptors and cytomegalovirus reactivation during late pregnancy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"D. 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