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In that same year, the CCR5\u039432 genetic variant was described as a strong protective factor against HIV\u20101 infection. These findings led to extensive research regarding the CCR5, culminating in critical scientific advances, such as the development of CCR5 inhibitors for the treatment of HIV infection. Recently, the research landscape surrounding CCR5 has begun to change. Different research groups have realized that, since CCR5 has such important effects in the chemokine system, it could also affect other different physiological systems. Therefore, the effect of reduced CCR5 expression due to the presence of the CCR5\u039432 variant began to be further studied. Several studies have investigated the role of CCR5 and the impacts of CCR5\u039432 on autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, various types of cancer, and viral diseases. However, the role of CCR5 in diseases caused by bacteria and parasites is still poorly understood. Therefore, the aim of this article is to review the role of CCR5 and the effects of CCR5\u039432 on bacterial (brucellosis, osteomyelitis, pneumonia, tuberculosis and infection by <jats:italic>Chlamydia trachomatis<\/jats:italic>) and parasitic infections (toxoplasmosis, leishmaniasis, Chagas disease and schistosomiasis). Basic information about each of these infections was also addressed. The neglected role of CCR5 in fungal disease and emerging studies regarding the action of CCR5 on regulatory T cells are briefly covered in this review. Considering the \u201crenaissance of CCR5 research,\u201d this article is useful for updating researchers who develop studies involving CCR5 and CCR5\u039432 in different infectious diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/iji.12485","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,25]],"date-time":"2020-03-25T05:13:41Z","timestamp":1585113221000},"page":"261-285","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["CCR5 and CCR5\u039432 in bacterial and parasitic infections: Thinking chemokine receptors outside the HIV box"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1040-2738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joel Henrique","family":"Ellwanger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunobiology and Immunogenetics Department of Genetics Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul \u2013 UFRGS Porto Alegre Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2731-0653","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Val\u00e9ria de Lima","family":"Kaminski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunobiology and Immunogenetics Department of Genetics Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul \u2013 UFRGS Porto Alegre Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8069-8506","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andressa Gon\u00e7alves","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunobiology and Immunogenetics Department of Genetics Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul \u2013 UFRGS Porto Alegre Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4959-4087","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruna","family":"Kulmann\u2010Leal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunobiology and Immunogenetics Department of Genetics Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul \u2013 UFRGS Porto Alegre Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7025-0660","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Artur Bogo","family":"Chies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunobiology and Immunogenetics Department of Genetics Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul \u2013 UFRGS Porto Alegre Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1007289"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.272.5270.1955"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.02940"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11724"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb.13.12"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpam.2014.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035671"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25384"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-1293.2002.00106.x"},{"issue":"2013","key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","first-page":"284729","article-title":"Genetic susceptibility to Chagas disease: An overview about the infection and about the association between disease and the immune response genes","volume":"2013","author":"Ayo C. 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