{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T20:09:50Z","timestamp":1772568590227,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,2]],"date-time":"2024-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712016000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Immunogenetics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Chronic inflammation triggered by hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) viruses elevates interleukin 6 (IL\u20106) levels, activating pathways that cause liver damage and contribute to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. In this study, we assessed IL\u20106 levels and explored the correlation between the rs1800795 and rs1800797 variants of the <jats:italic>IL\u20106<\/jats:italic> gene and the risk of developing HCC. We conducted a case\u2013control study involving 314 participants. Among them, 157 were HCC patients (94 anti\u2010HCV, 22 HBsAg and 41 metabolic dysfunction\u2010associated steatotic liver disease [MASLD]) and 157 controls. Genotyping for <jats:italic>IL\u20106<\/jats:italic> rs1800795 and rs1800797 polymorphisms was performed using real\u2010time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Additionally, plasma IL\u20106 levels were determined using enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay. The IL\u20106 levels were notably higher in patients compared to controls (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.0001). Among HCC patients, those with MASLD exhibited higher plasma IL\u20106 levels than those with HCV and HBV (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.003). In male HCC patients, IL\u20106 levels were significantly elevated compared to controls (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.0001). Similarly, female patients showed significantly higher IL\u20106 levels compared to female controls, though still lower than in male HCC patients (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.023). However, no significant difference was observed in IL\u20106 levels between male and female HCC patients (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.129). Contrastingly, the genotype and allele distributions of the rs1800795 and rs1800797 polymorphisms in the <jats:italic>IL\u20106<\/jats:italic> gene displayed no association with HCC development (all <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&gt;\u00a0.05). In Moroccan HCC patients, chronic liver inflammation is characterized by elevated levels of IL\u20106, potentially playing a role in the progression of liver disease and tumourigenesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/iji.12669","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,2]],"date-time":"2024-04-02T09:04:33Z","timestamp":1712048673000},"page":"206-216","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["High plasma interleukin\u20106 level, but not IL\u20106 gene variants, as a predictive marker for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in a Moroccan population"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Ikram\u2010Allah","family":"Tanouti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Unit, Viral Hepatitis Laboratory Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Place Louis Pasteur  Casablanca Morocco"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca Cellular and Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases and Systemic Immunology Team  Casablanca Morocco"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hassan","family":"Fellah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca Cellular and Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases and Systemic Immunology Team  Casablanca Morocco"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Asmaa","family":"Haddaji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Unit, Viral Hepatitis Laboratory Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Place Louis Pasteur  Casablanca Morocco"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chaimaa","family":"Zerrad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Unit, Viral Hepatitis Laboratory Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Place Louis Pasteur  Casablanca Morocco"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Tahiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de m\u00e9decine et de pharmacie Rue Tarik Ibnou Ziad, Universit\u00e9 Hassan II  Casablanca Morocco"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wafaa","family":"Badre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de m\u00e9decine et de pharmacie Rue Tarik Ibnou Ziad, Universit\u00e9 Hassan II  Casablanca Morocco"},{"name":"Service d'H\u00e9pato\u2010Gastro\u2010Ent\u00e9rologie CHU Ibn Rochd  Casablanca Morocco"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Khaoula","family":"Nfaoui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Unit, Viral Hepatitis Laboratory Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Place Louis Pasteur  Casablanca Morocco"},{"name":"Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences (UM6SS)  Casablanca Morocco"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pascal","family":"Pineau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 \u201cOrganisation Nucl\u00e9aire et Oncogen\u00e8se\u201d, INSERM U993, Institut Pasteur  Paris France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Soumaya","family":"Benjelloun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Unit, Viral Hepatitis Laboratory Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Place Louis Pasteur  Casablanca Morocco"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3982-6163","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sayeh","family":"Ezzikouri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Unit, Viral Hepatitis Laboratory Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Place Louis Pasteur  Casablanca Morocco"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21608\/mjmr.2022.220847"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5114\/ceh.2020.102171"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/sjmms.sjmms_175_18"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12020382"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina55090526"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3889\/oamjms.2016.110"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v3.i1.24"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.02.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2020.101590"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/osp4.138"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/genes13050897"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mgene.2020.100729"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20181071"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","unstructured":"Ensembl.https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/Homo_sapiens\/Variation\/Explore?db=core;r=7:22726102\u201022727102;v=rs1800797;vdb=variation;vf=480750189"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","unstructured":"Ensembl.https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/Homo_sapiens\/Variation\/Population?db=core;r=7:22726526\u201022727526;v=rs1800795;vdb=variation;vf=480750187"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2007.05.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1872\u2010034X.2007.00126.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010018\u201030824\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2014.01.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.2000.0210"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010019\u201009780\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bsr20200193"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.issn.1007\u20103418.2019.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13277\u2010013\u20101469\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31288"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12029\u2010019\u201000281\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13550\u2010021\u201000791\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/Flife12060795"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552\u2010009\u20109320\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07475"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HEP.0000000000000520"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21982"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5114\/ceh.2018.78122"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btl268"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000168723.42824.40"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/508023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010017\u201010371\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina57101025"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/md.0000000000018408"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40644\u2010017\u20100110\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/br.2014.300"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535\u2010007\u20102060\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902\u2010021\u201000906\u20103"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Immunogenetics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/iji.12669","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,9]],"date-time":"2024-07-09T18:26:10Z","timestamp":1720549570000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/iji.12669"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,2]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/iji.12669"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/iji.12669","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1744-3121","1744-313X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1744-3121","type":"print"},{"value":"1744-313X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-11-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-03-17","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-04-02","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}