{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T06:15:34Z","timestamp":1793427334095,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,5]],"date-time":"2024-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714867200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Immunogenetics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Toll\u2010like receptors (TLRs) play an important role in innate immunity. Previous studies have shown that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genes coding for these innate immune molecules can affect susceptibility to and the outcome of certain diseases. The aim of the present study was to examine the clinical relevance of well\u2010studied\n                    <jats:italic>TLR1<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2013\n                    <jats:italic>4<\/jats:italic>\n                    SNPs in individuals who are prone to infections. Four functional SNPs,\n                    <jats:italic>TLR1<\/jats:italic>\n                    rs5743618 (1805C\u00a0&gt;\u00a0A, Ser602Ile),\n                    <jats:italic>TLR2<\/jats:italic>\n                    rs5743708 (2258G\u00a0&gt;\u00a0A, Arg753Gln),\n                    <jats:italic>TLR3<\/jats:italic>\n                    rs3775291 (1234C\u00a0&gt;\u00a0T, Leu412Phe) and\n                    <jats:italic>TLR4<\/jats:italic>\n                    rs4986790 (896A\u00a0&gt;\u00a0G, Asp299Gly), were analysed in 155 patients with recurrent respiratory infections (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a084), severe infections (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a015) or common variable immunodeficiency (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a056), and in 262 healthy controls, using the High Resolution Melting Analysis method. Polymorphisms of\n                    <jats:italic>TLR2<\/jats:italic>\n                    rs5743708 (odds ratio [OR] 3.16; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.45\u20136.83,\n                    <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                    =\u00a0.004\n                    <jats:italic>, ap<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a0.016) and\n                    <jats:italic>TLR4<\/jats:italic>\n                    rs4986790 (OR 1.8; 95% CI 1.05\u20133.12,\n                    <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                    =\u00a0.028,\n                    <jats:italic>ap<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a0.112) were more frequent in patients with recurrent or severe infections than in controls. Interestingly, seven patients were found to carry both variant genotypes of\n                    <jats:italic>TLR2<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>TLR4<\/jats:italic>\n                    , whereas none of the control group carried such genotypes (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0\u00a0\u2264\u00a0.0001). Moreover,\n                    <jats:italic>TLR2<\/jats:italic>\n                    polymorphism was associated with increased risk for acute otitis media episodes (OR, 3.02; 95% CI 1.41\u20136.47;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a0.012). This study indicates that children and adults who are more prone to recurrent or severe respiratory infections carry one or both variant types of\n                    <jats:italic>TLR2<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>TLR4<\/jats:italic>\n                    more often than control subjects. Genetic variations of\n                    <jats:italic>TLR<\/jats:italic>\n                    s help explain why some children are more susceptible to respiratory infections.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/iji.12676","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,6]],"date-time":"2024-05-06T00:48:08Z","timestamp":1714956488000},"page":"242-251","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Genetic polymorphisms of\n                    <i>TLR1<\/i>\n                    ,\n                    <i>TLR2<\/i>\n                    ,\n                    <i>TLR3<\/i>\n                    and\n                    <i>TLR4<\/i>\n                    in patients with recurrent or severe infections"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Johanna","family":"Ter\u00e4sj\u00e4rvi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedicine Research Center of Infections and Immunity University of Turku  Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leena","family":"Kainulainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Turku University Hospital  Turku Finland"},{"name":"Department of Medicine Turku University Hospital  Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ville","family":"Peltola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Turku University Hospital  Turku Finland"},{"name":"InFLAMES Research Flagship Center University of Turku  Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jussi","family":"Mertsola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Turku University Hospital  Turku Finland"},{"name":"InFLAMES Research Flagship Center University of Turku  Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antti","family":"Hakanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"InFLAMES Research Flagship Center University of Turku  Turku Finland"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology Turku University Hospital  Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1334-6065","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiushui","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedicine Research Center of Infections and Immunity University of Turku  Turku Finland"},{"name":"InFLAMES Research Flagship Center University of Turku  Turku 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