{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T23:26:34Z","timestamp":1791588394909,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,29]],"date-time":"2024-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716940800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Immunogenetics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Vitamin D deficiency is widespread and poses a significant health concern, as emerging research links it to allergic diseases owing to its immunomodulatory functions. The optimal functioning of vitamin D and its activation depend on its nuclear receptor, vitamin D receptor (VDR). Genetic variants of VDR have been explored as potential factors in autoimmune and allergic diseases, with limited studies on their association with allergic rhinitis (AR). The present investigation aims to analyse the role of three VDR genetic variants \u2013 TaqI, FokI and BsmI \u2013 in AR susceptibility and their impact on VDR mRNA and serum vitamin D levels. A total of 550 subjects, consisting of 250 AR cases and 300 age\u2010 and gender\u2010matched controls, underwent genotyping by polymerase chain reaction\u2010restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR\u2010RFLP). VDR mRNA and vitamin D levels were determined by quantitative real\u2010time PCR and chemiluminescence, respectively. Although TaqI did not exhibit significant differences, FokI demonstrated a noteworthy association with AR, particularly with the CC genotype (odds ratio [OR]: 3.34; confidence interval [CI]: 1.79\u20136.23). Similarly, BsmI revealed an increased risk for AR, with the GA\u00a0+\u00a0AA genotypes showing a 2.2\u2010fold elevated risk (OR: 2.20; CI: 1.53\u20133.16). VDR mRNA expression was threefold lower in AR patients (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.0001), accompanied by reduced serum vitamin D levels (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.0001). In addition, CC (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.01) and AA (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.02) genotypes of FokI and BsmI were associated with reduced VDR mRNA levels, whereas TaqI showed no such association. Similarly, heterozygous genotypes of TaqI and FokI, as well as homozygous AA of BsmI, correlated with lower serum vitamin D levels (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001). This study emphasizes the intricate relationship among VDR genetic variations, altered VDR activity, immune modulation and vitamin D metabolism in AR. Further research involving diverse populations is crucial for confirming and generalizing these findings, paving the way for personalized therapeutic interventions in vitamin D\u2013related disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/iji.12679","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,29]],"date-time":"2024-05-29T14:49:45Z","timestamp":1716994185000},"page":"300-309","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Molecular investigation of vitamin D receptor (VDR) genetic variants and their impact on VDR mRNA and serum vitamin D levels in allergic rhinitis in an Indian population: A case\u2013control study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Shahid M","family":"Baba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Vocational Studies Islamic University of Science &amp; Technology Awantipora, Pulwama Jammu and Kashmir India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tabasum","family":"Shafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology &amp; Molecular Medicine SKIMS  Srinagar Jammu and Kashmir India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3898-0158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roohi","family":"Rasool","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology &amp; Molecular Medicine SKIMS  Srinagar Jammu and Kashmir India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Afaq","family":"Hameed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology &amp; Molecular Medicine SKIMS  Srinagar Jammu and Kashmir India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saba","family":"Shafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry University of Kashmir  Srinagar Jammu and Kashmir India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheikh F.","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology College of Pharmacy King Saud University  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","first-page":"495","article-title":"Biological roles of vitamin D and immunoglobulin E: Implications in allergic disorders","volume":"14","author":"Alswailm F.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health 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