{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]],"date-time":"2025-11-08T11:02:50Z","timestamp":1762599770553,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,25]],"date-time":"2025-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756080000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Immunogenetics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This study was performed to determine anti\u2010C1q serum level, genetic polymorphism in cytotoxic T lymphocyte\u2013associated antigen 4 gene (CTLA\u20104 gene) (rs 231775), and HLA class II genes in susceptibility and early prediction of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and lupus nephritis (LN) in Upper Egyptian patients. A total of 60 unrelated cases of SLE (30 cases with LN) and 60 healthy controls were studied for HLA\u2010DQB1, HLA\u2010DQA1, and HLA\u2010DRB1 (DR4 subtypes) alleles. Anti\u2010C1q level was estimated by ELISA. CTLA\u20104 gene genotypes were detected by\u00a0PCR\u2010RFLP. The means of age of SLE patients without nephritis and LN patients were 24 \u00b1\u00a05.09\u00a0and\u00a032\u00a0\u00b1\u00a07.26, respectively. Most of the patients were females (93.3%). Anti\u2010C1q serum level was significantly higher in LN patients (24.11\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04.26)\u00a0versus\u00a0SLE patients without nephritis (18.17\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.35) (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    value &lt; 0.001). The AA genotype of the CTLA\u20104 gene was significantly higher in patients with LN versus SLE\u00a0patients without nephritis (53.5%\u00a0vs. 26.5%;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    value\u00a0=\u00a00.035). (DR7)\u2014DQA1*02\u2010DQB1*0303 haplotype was higher in SLE patients versus the control group and showed the highest odds ratio (7.37) with a significant\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    value (0.031). Odds ratios of DRB1*0405\u2013DQA1*03\u2013DQB1*0302 and DRB1*0405\u2013DQA1*03\u2013DQB1*02 were 6.263 and 4.214, respectively. DRB1*0405\u2013DQA1*03\u2013DQB1*02 haplotype was detected in 11.7% of\u00a0LN patients versus 1.7% of SLE patients without nephritis (OR\u00a0=\u00a08.82,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    value\u00a0=\u00a00.02). DRB1*0405\u2013DQA1*03\u2013DQB1*02 haplotype, in addition to CTLA\u20104 gene (AA genotype), and high anti\u2010C1q\u00a0serum level can predict the progression of SLE Upper Egyptian patients to LN.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/iji.70009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]],"date-time":"2025-08-26T04:40:22Z","timestamp":1756183222000},"page":"335-341","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Risk Genes and Anti\u2010C1q Autoantibodies in Upper Egyptian Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythromatosis\u2014High Frequency of HLA\u2010DRB1*04:05\u2013DQA1*03\u2013DQB1*02 Risk Haplotype in Lupus Nephritis Patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6682-0309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mostafa I.","family":"EL\u2010Amir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine South Valley University  Qena Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed Ali","family":"El\u2010Feky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine South Valley University  Qena Egypt"},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Assiut University  Assiut Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdelkader Ahmed","family":"Hashim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine South Valley University  Qena Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2698-9438","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed H.","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine South Valley University  Qena Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marwa","family":"Abdelhady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Luxor University  Luxor Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wael Abd El Mohsen","family":"Abady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine, Rheumatology, and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine South Valley University  Qena Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amr Mohamed","family":"ElKaber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine, Rheumatology, and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine South Valley University  Qena Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jorma","family":"Ilonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine University of Turku  Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,25]]},"reference":[{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","DOI":"10.1016\/s0198\u20108859(03)00171\u2010x"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203307084297"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejhg.5201214"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203310373780"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203320984845"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","first-page":"763","article-title":"One Year in Review 2018: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus","volume":"36","author":"Di Battista M.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","first-page":"107","article-title":"Human Leukocyte Antigen and Autoantibodies Association With Juvenile Systemic Lupus Erythematosus","volume":"16","author":"El Sherbini H. 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