{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T10:52:24Z","timestamp":1788173544262,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765324800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765324800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Immunogenetics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This meta\u2010analysis aims to evaluate the association between interleukin\u201010 (IL\u201010) \u2212819 C\/T (rs1800871), \u2212592 C\/A (rs1800872) and \u22121082 A\/G (rs1800896) polymorphisms and leprosy susceptibility by analyzing multiple genetic models in the Asian and Caucasian populations. A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar and Embase (January 2001 to February 2025) following PRISMA guidelines. Case\u2010control studies reporting genotype distributions for IL\u201010 polymorphisms in leprosy cases and controls were included. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated under allelic, recessive, dominant and over\u2010dominant models. Heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran's Q test and the I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      statistic. Publication bias was evaluated using Egger's test and funnel plots. A total of 13 studies were included, comprising 5509 leprosy cases and 8135 controls. The \u22121082 A\/G variant exhibited a significant protective effect across allelic (A vs. G OR = 0.73, 95% CI 0.59\u20130.91,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.005), dominant (AA+AG vs. GG OR = 0.45, 95% CI 0.25\u20130.80,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.006) and the over\u2010dominant models (AG vs. AA+ GG OR = 0.45, 95% CI 0.25\u20130.80,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.006). Under the dominant model, the \u2212819 C\/T (CC+CT vs. TT OR = 0.76, 95% CI 0.61\u20130.96,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.02) and \u2212592 C\/A (CC+CA vs. AA OR = 0.71, 95% CI 0.52\u20130.97,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.03) polymorphisms also showed significant protective effects, suggesting a potential role of heterozygosity in reducing leprosy susceptibility. Subgroup analysis indicated stronger protective effects in Asians. Power analysis confirmed that the included studies had sufficient sample sizes to detect significant associations (\u03b1 error probability &lt; 0.05). This meta\u2010analysis supports the protective role of IL\u201010 polymorphisms, particularly the \u22121082 A (rs1800896) allele, in reducing leprosy susceptibility. These findings underscore the role of genetic variation in disease susceptibility and suggest that IL\u201010 polymorphisms could serve as biomarkers for leprosy susceptibility.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/iji.70031","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T09:45:35Z","timestamp":1765359935000},"page":"83-97","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Expanding the Genetic Insights Into Leprosy: An Updated Meta\u2010Analysis of Interleukin\u201010 Variants"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Jayakumar","family":"Veeraraghavan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chettinad School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute Chettinad Academy of Research and Education  Kelambakkam Tamil Nadu India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon Benita","family":"Stephen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Valarcare LifeSciences Private Limited  Chennai Tamil Nadu India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meenakshi","family":"Narasimhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute Chettinad Academy of Research and Education  Kelambakkam Tamil Nadu India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lakshmi","family":"Kanakaraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chettinad School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute Chettinad Academy of Research and Education  Kelambakkam Tamil Nadu India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.1338"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir516"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0136282"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.52225\/narra.v3i3.276"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4238\/2013.August.12.3"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2004.71.330"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0127496"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008247"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0088448"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-005-0042-8"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","first-page":"940","article-title":"Interleukin 10 Gene Polymorphism and Lepra Reactions: Susceptibility and Immunological Correlation","volume":"30","author":"Maraee A. H.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Menoufia Medical Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2009.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.47276\/lr.92.2.162"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","first-page":"321","article-title":"The Role of Interleukin\u201010 in Leprosy: A Review","volume":"94","author":"Oktariana D.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Leprosy"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-031210-101312"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/gene.2008.97"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2711"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.47276\/lr.94.4.262"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.19.2.338-381.2006"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","first-page":"25","article-title":"Association of Cytokine Gene Polymorphism With Susceptibility and Clinical Types of Leprosy","volume":"1","author":"Settin A.","year":"2007","journal-title":"International Journal of Health Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2015.01.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01974"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.47276\/lr.83.1.34"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00261-12"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Immunogenetics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/iji.70031","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/iji.70031","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/iji.70031","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T09:48:48Z","timestamp":1773049728000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/iji.70031"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/iji.70031"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/iji.70031","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1744-3121","1744-313X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1744-3121","type":"print"},{"value":"1744-313X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-03-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-11-27","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-10","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}