{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T10:49:21Z","timestamp":1790419761100,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,18]],"date-time":"2021-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610928000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Lab Hematology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>Abnormally activated complement system induces erythrolysis in a part of autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) patients. However, the alterations in serum complement levels in these patients are seldom reported. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the serum complement features of AIHA patients according to different clinical and laboratory characteristics and to find relationships between complement levels and hemolysis\u2010associated laboratory indexes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>A retrospective analysis of 146 AIHA patients was performed, and serum complement C3 and C4 levels were compared between control subjects and AIHA patients with different subtypes. Correlations of serum C3\/C4 levels with titers of cold agglutinin test (CAT), direct antiglobulin test (DAT), and serological indexes were assessed. Spearman correlation analysis was performed to analyze the relationship between serum complement levels and other laboratory indexes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Autoimmune hemolytic anemia patients showed reduced serum C3 levels, while serum C4 levels tended to be lower in DAT\u2010positive AIHA patients but not in DAT\u2010negative AIHA patients. Patients with warm AIHA secondary to connective tissue diseases and cold agglutinin disease\/cold agglutinin syndrome had the lowest serum C3\/C4 levels. Serum C4 levels were negatively correlated with CAT (P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.004) and DAT (anti\u2010C3d) (P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.007) titers. In patients with positive CAT and\/or DAT (anti\u2010C3d) but negative DAT (anti\u2010IgG), serum C3\/C4 levels were negatively correlated with indirect bilirubin (P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.017 and =.026, respectively).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>The study findings may be helpful in not only unraveling the mechanism underlying hemolysis in AIHA but also diagnosing AIHA and selecting targeted treatment strategies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ijlh.13469","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,18]],"date-time":"2021-01-18T14:43:17Z","timestamp":1610980997000},"page":"1154-1158","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Features of serum complement C3 and C4 levels in autoimmune hemolytic anemia patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6095-7232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhao","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lijin","family":"Bo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huijuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuping","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15226\/2372-0948\/5\/1\/00156","article-title":"Autoimmune hemolytic anemia: focusing on therapy according to classification","volume":"5","author":"Yilmaz F","year":"2017","journal-title":"SOJ Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10428190701385173"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/0961203306lu2292oa"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/363278"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.blre.2019.100648"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08916930701510673"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","first-page":"68","volume-title":"Xue Ye Bing Zhen Duan Ji Liao Xiao Biao Zhun [Criteria for diagnosis and efficacy 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